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Opportunities are being created for telecommunications companies as IT and communications converge. E-commerce will create new value for the communications sector by opening new markets and new lines of business. Where communications companies were once largely voice based, with the convergence of voice and data, these companies are now providing services and solutions. These include; consulting, web development, systems integration, software sales, outsourcing, and trading partner management. … Transfers of value between industries are occurring. Some value is transferred from the IT sector, where services newly provided by the communications sector were once only provided by the IT sector—consulting, web development and systems integration. However the IT sector is providing communications services too. Buyouts are happening now. Interview: Alan Rousselot, Ericsson, IRG member, 5 August 1999 The telecommunications companies are seeing the creation of new value for their businesses, sometimes at the expense of other industries in the sector, and at the expense of other sectors. In many cases, the decrease or elimination of value in other industries is a transfer or new value for telcos. For example, the move from postal services to email. The communications industry is tied in with the Media and IT industries, the three are merging with many benefits flowing into the communications industry. Interview: Tony Richardson, Telstra, IRG member, 9 July 1999 Value is also being transferred within the industry, as e-commerce bites into traditional methods of doing business. Interactive Voice Response (IVR) is a good technology to use when people are looking for information, e.g. information about share floats. However, Internet Protocols can be developed further to not only provide the information but the goods too, e.g. software, music, and other items capable of electronic delivery. Pay-TV may also be used as a channel for electronic delivery. Interview: Tony Richardson, Telstra, IRG member, 9 July 1999 Value is also transferred into the industry as companies expand from offering products to offering services as well. Transfers of value within the industry occur when companies start selling solutions. Where companies in the sector used to sell bulk product or service to operators, they are now selling more directly to corporates. These new applications drive an increase in the number of calls. While some value is transferred from the operators, the increased calls increase value for them, so both types of companies in the sector see an increase in value. Interview: Alan Rousselot, Ericsson, IRG member, 5 August 1999 The telecommunications industry has experienced some disintermediation in their own channels, but these have not been complete. The communications company’s role is more into re-intermediation than disintermediation. Disintermediation has been fairly patchy, due to other business issues as new channels do not entirely replace the existing channels. In travel, automotive and telcos, the providers may sell directly, but must also work with agents/dealers and maintain some consistency in their approach to the different channels and the offers to them. Interview: Tony Richardson, Telstra, IRG member, 9 July 1999 Telecommunications companies face the elimination of value where some of their products are becoming standardised and commoditised, and the existing companies face increasing competition from new entrants. 112
One of the few examples of the decrease in value to telcos from e-commerce is the commoditisation of bandwidth, although the networks are always evolving and being written off. However, the discontinuity seems to be greater in the current move to digital and data modes. Interview: Tony Richardson, Telstra, IRG member, 9 July 1999 However, there is some disagreement on this, as for other telecommunications companies, no such elimination has been identified. No examples of the elimination of value occur in the industry—it is not affected this way. However, companies are using technology more wisely, for example in the supply chain for savings and improved productivity. Interview: Alan Rousselot, Ericsson, IRG member, 5 August 1999 Communications sector firms are themselves major purchasers of communications services. Re-sale and interconnect arrangements represent an increasingly sophisticated form of e-commerce among industry firms, particularly as it affects billing. Postal and courier services The postal and courier services risk their value being eroded as more information is shifted electronically rather than in paper form. Courier services have already perceived a reduction in their business document transfer business. Postal services are still rising, due to organisations billing more frequently, but may start to reduce or even out as electronic payment services such as Bpay reduce the return postal task. One way for the postal and courier services to balance the erosion in their document transfer business, is to get involved in the delivery of products ordered over the Internet. Some of the products would previously have been ‘delivered’ by the consumer themselves, for example in taking home records and books from shopping centres. This can be taken further by the creation of the services themselves. By providing delivery services to shopping websites, Australia Post has the opportunity to leverage their brand name. The Internet Fulfilment Service Australia Post is developing will also be targeted to its parcel customers, providing a total fulfilment solution. Interview: David Hart, Australia Post, IRG member, 12 July 1999 4.6 External dimensions As yet, the communications sector has not seen a noticeable transfer of value overseas. This may change in the future. Value transfer to or from overseas can occur due to the global and distance independent nature of the Internet. Any component can be anywhere in the world. The logistics are determined by the size of the market and the delivery mechanism/s. Another example is gaming [betting] sites locating to avoid regulation. If retail sites are located overseas to avoid tax, then local retailers and the government lose out. The current practice seems to be that Australian owned sites are still located here, often as they are plugging into a local network and applications, although there are instances of sites located overseas. This may change in future, particularly if the overseas operation becomes much cheaper than locally. Interview: Tony Richardson, Telstra, IRG member, 9 July 1999 113
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© Commonwealth of Australia 2000 I
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Table of contents Foreword ........
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Part 2 - Case studies Section One I
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Executive summary E-commerce is sti
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Part 1— economic analysis
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Chapter One Study context, aims and
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Within the business-to-business cat
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Table 1.4 Projected growth in econo
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Chapter Two Economic issues What di
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Exhibit 2.1 Disintermediation effec
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Table 2.1 E-commerce impact on vari
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Chapter Three Changes ahead—indus
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Health Significant efficiencies sta
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Chapter Four Economy-wide assessmen
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Direct changes and flow on impacts
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consumption relative to economic ac
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External competitiveness Greater us
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Industry outcomes Greater use of e-
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Food products The food products sec
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people with differing occupational
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Tasmania and the Northern Territory
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Table 4.2 Regional growth and emplo
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The data for country regions (Exhib
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impacts are a reasonable representa
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Chapter Six Policy implications and
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Appendix A Study methodology, shock
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confidence. This is at the expense
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All of the GDP gain generated by ch
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(s11) Saving of particular inputs I
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Table A.1 continued Commodity Per c
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Table A.2 continued Engine & Boiler
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Table A.2 continued Safety Inspecto
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Table A.3 continued Industries 2007
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B.2 The structure of MONASH The cor
Page 73 and 74: simulations it is assumed that the
Page 75 and 76: Table B.1 (Continued) MONASH-RR Reg
Page 77 and 78: C.2 Forecasts for macroeconomic var
Page 79 and 80: other grains, iron and non-iron ore
Page 81 and 82: The numbers in column (II) of Table
Page 83 and 84: Productivity growth over the histor
Page 85 and 86: forecast of a 0.1 per cent decline
Page 87 and 88: Productivity growth in the construc
Page 89 and 90: Employment prospects in the sector
Page 91 and 92: Table D.1 continued Textiles, cloth
Page 93 and 94: Table D.1 continued Health, educati
Page 95 and 96: Table D.2 continued 45 Bags and Con
Page 97: Part 2 — case studies
Page 100 and 101: Industry sectors’ use of e-commer
Page 102 and 103: e-commerce were chosen. Key questio
Page 104 and 105: Banking For some time now most of t
Page 106 and 107: 2.3 Cost savings Banks are keen to
Page 108 and 109: 2.5 Changing business modes Branch
Page 110 and 111: Banks are also looking to take adva
Page 112 and 113: NAB, as a multinational, is already
Page 114 and 115: activities such as consumer electro
Page 116 and 117: Box 3.2 Building a business on e-co
Page 118 and 119: One of the issues for all industrie
Page 120 and 121: 108
Page 122 and 123: Box 4.2 Australia Post and e-commer
Page 126 and 127: Value can be transferred into Austr
Page 128 and 129: Continued use of email and the deve
Page 130 and 131: E-commerce allows some flexibility
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Page 134 and 135: are introduced to market at a start
Page 136 and 137: educe the duplication of assessment
Page 138 and 139: 6.3 Cost savings as a result of ele
Page 140 and 141: The primary e-commerce tools for im
Page 142 and 143: New service modes and channels to t
Page 144 and 145: 132
Page 146 and 147: This Section will review the implic
Page 148 and 149: of greater depth. (It should be not
Page 150 and 151: consumers watch five per cent less
Page 152 and 153: artist is the promotion which airpl
Page 154 and 155: New costs The fragmentation and reg
Page 156 and 157: gambled. The development of Interne
Page 158 and 159: 146
Page 160 and 161: Making a purchase over the Internet
Page 162 and 163: Customers who access troubleshootin
Page 164 and 165: they does not actually sell those i
Page 166 and 167: Key points There are few other sect
Page 168 and 169: e-commerce allows quicker order pro
Page 170 and 171: 9.3 New costs The demand for busine
Page 172 and 173: How a ticket is sold, through an ag
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Box 10.1 Case study: E-commerce and
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The education and training sector h
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166
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11.2 Production Manufacturing busin
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Opportunities for re-intermediation
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Value could transfer within the sec
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174
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years’ time. 30 This reflects an
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seeks to provide a point of referen
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To a small extent, direct selling t
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182
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Box 13.1 Austmine—a window for th
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Box 13.2 Leaving mining sites for w
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