beyond pt 0 23/1

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To a small extent, direct selling to farms and other agribusinesses, or business-to-business transactions, is occurring as there are now several websites selling: • fertiliser, seed, livestock and other farm inputs; • machinery and tools; • financial and management consulting services; and • information such as weather reports, up to date market prices, news updates. At this stage, some sites are at a limited stage of design. For example, often sites only provide product information and contact details (e.g. email links), rather than offering online sales facilities that offer ordering and payment o<strong>pt</strong>ions. This reflects the degree of immaturity in the use of e-commerce to date and the large potential for innovation and change. In terms of business to customer selling using e-commerce, the practice of direct selling by farms or other agribusinesses may occur, but is not yet as prevalent as producers selling either through existing online retailers or through regional websites, websites of industry organisations, or even websites established by cooperatives. Examples of goods being sold online include: • wine, e.g. the Margaret River Wine Centre; • cheese and dairy products, e.g. King Island Dairy; • flowers, e.g. through Florists Australia website; • olives, e.g. through Olives Australia website; • herbs and some vegetables; and • coffee, e.g. ozcoffee.com.au sells some Australian grown coffee. In some cases, these sites offer to sell more than just the food or beverage product, but also books and videos, training information for new producers, tools and equipment and other related products. Some farms are branching into providing accommodation and participation for guests in the daily farm routine, known as ‘agritourism’. The use of the Internet to market their properties for agritourism may piggy-back marketing of farm produce, and vice verse. 12.5 Potential changes to employment In the short term, there are unlikely to be any major changes to the practice of some agricultural business per se, although some businesses may choose to employ IT educated people either directly or on a retainer basis. In small communities, the development of changes to the sale of farm inputs may create new opportunities for intermediaries, particularly delivery businesses. However, one effect may also be that there is a negative impact on small communities if small bricks-and-mortar retailers are replaced by online retailers. 12.6 External dimensions As mentioned, e-commerce offers access to overseas markets and quicker methods of ordering and payment. In particular, this creates opportunities for small niche agribusinesses to sell to customers overseas, either through an individually maintained website or as part of a multiseller website such as the FoodConnect site. 180
E-commerce also provides opportunities for agribusinesses to purchase some farm inputs from overseas, which increases the range of services available and allows a better consideration of prices. In some cases, though, companies may prefer to purchase face-to-face, or at least have a firm guarantee of the product quality. To a large extent, opportunities to purchase or sell overseas will be limited by the ado<strong>pt</strong>ion of e-commerce by buyers and sellers in other countries. Key points Characteristics of the agriculture sector such as a high reliance on accurate information and large distances between producers and customers makes the sector conducive to the benefits of e-commerce. E-commerce provides additional opportunities to generate operational efficiencies such as obtaining better weather and stock information or bypassing intermediaries and locating cheaper inputs. It also allows agribusinesses to market products more effectively to wider audiences. Despite expectations of generally beneficial impacts there was limited information to factor in direct impacts of e-commerce on the agriculture sector suitable to include in the modelling work for this report. This was due mainly to the relatively small size (compared with say banking and finance, or communications) of agricultural e-commerce. It seems likely that much of the savings experienced by the agriculture sector will be due to efficiencies in other sectors from which it buys its inputs. It seems reasonable to factor in modest savings in retail and wholesale margins in the sector (i.e. reduced costs through some disintermediation) due to this factor. 181
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© Commonwealth of Australia 2000 I
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Table of contents Foreword ........
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Part 2 - Case studies Section One I
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Executive summary E-commerce is sti
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Part 1— economic analysis
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Chapter One Study context, aims and
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Within the business-to-business cat
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Table 1.4 Projected growth in econo
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Chapter Two Economic issues What di
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Exhibit 2.1 Disintermediation effec
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Table 2.1 E-commerce impact on vari
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Chapter Three Changes ahead—indus
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Health Significant efficiencies sta
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Chapter Four Economy-wide assessmen
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Direct changes and flow on impacts
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consumption relative to economic ac
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External competitiveness Greater us
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Industry outcomes Greater use of e-
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Food products The food products sec
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people with differing occupational
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Tasmania and the Northern Territory
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Table 4.2 Regional growth and emplo
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The data for country regions (Exhib
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impacts are a reasonable representa
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Chapter Six Policy implications and
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Appendix A Study methodology, shock
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confidence. This is at the expense
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All of the GDP gain generated by ch
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(s11) Saving of particular inputs I
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Table A.1 continued Commodity Per c
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Table A.2 continued Engine & Boiler
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Table A.2 continued Safety Inspecto
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Table A.3 continued Industries 2007
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B.2 The structure of MONASH The cor
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simulations it is assumed that the
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Table B.1 (Continued) MONASH-RR Reg
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C.2 Forecasts for macroeconomic var
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other grains, iron and non-iron ore
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The numbers in column (II) of Table
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Productivity growth over the histor
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forecast of a 0.1 per cent decline
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Productivity growth in the construc
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Employment prospects in the sector
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Table D.1 continued Textiles, cloth
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Table D.1 continued Health, educati
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Table D.2 continued 45 Bags and Con
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Part 2 — case studies
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Industry sectors’ use of e-commer
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e-commerce were chosen. Key questio
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Banking For some time now most of t
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2.3 Cost savings Banks are keen to
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2.5 Changing business modes Branch
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Banks are also looking to take adva
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NAB, as a multinational, is already
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activities such as consumer electro
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Box 3.2 Building a business on e-co
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One of the issues for all industrie
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108
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Box 4.2 Australia Post and e-commer
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Opportunities are being created for
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Value can be transferred into Austr
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Continued use of email and the deve
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E-commerce allows some flexibility
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are introduced to market at a start
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educe the duplication of assessment
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6.3 Cost savings as a result of ele
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The primary e-commerce tools for im
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Page 146 and 147: This Section will review the implic
Page 148 and 149: of greater depth. (It should be not
Page 150 and 151: consumers watch five per cent less
Page 152 and 153: artist is the promotion which airpl
Page 154 and 155: New costs The fragmentation and reg
Page 156 and 157: gambled. The development of Interne
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Page 160 and 161: Making a purchase over the Internet
Page 162 and 163: Customers who access troubleshootin
Page 164 and 165: they does not actually sell those i
Page 166 and 167: Key points There are few other sect
Page 168 and 169: e-commerce allows quicker order pro
Page 170 and 171: 9.3 New costs The demand for busine
Page 172 and 173: How a ticket is sold, through an ag
Page 174 and 175: Box 10.1 Case study: E-commerce and
Page 176 and 177: The education and training sector h
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Page 180 and 181: 11.2 Production Manufacturing busin
Page 182 and 183: Opportunities for re-intermediation
Page 184 and 185: Value could transfer within the sec
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Page 188 and 189: years’ time. 30 This reflects an
Page 190 and 191: seeks to provide a point of referen
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Page 196 and 197: Box 13.1 Austmine—a window for th
Page 198 and 199: Box 13.2 Leaving mining sites for w
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