ESTONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 2009

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6.4.5. Status of lakes The ecological status of lakes was assessed on the basis of biological and physico- chemical quality indicators. In the process, the status of fish was not taken into account as the determination of class boundaries for fish is still in progress. On the basis of the rating, most Estonian lakes are in the “good” or “moderate” status (figure 6.14). The so-called 2/3 rule was used to assess the status of lakes. According to this rule, at least one quality indicator was to be used from each biological quality element and physico-chemical general conditions. The number of quality indicators used had to be at least seven, with all of the indicators having equal weight. The status rating is assigned to the status category of 2/3 of the indicators. Some of the quality indicator values may indicate a quality lower than that of the combined rating, but the number of such quality indicators should not exceed 1/3 of the total number of indicators. The ecological status of Lake Peipsi and Lake Pskov has worsened in recent years. This is above all due to eutrophication from excessive phosphorus load. The percentage of blue-green algae with respect to all algae has increased in the summer months, while diatom biomass has decreased. Algal toxin concentrations in water have repeatedly exceeded the permitted limit values for bathing water. Due to the proliferation of algae, fish spawns have become muddy and fish reproduction conditions have worsened. Overall, the ecological status of Lake Peipsi was rated moderate and that of Lake Pskov, poor. The ecological status of Narva reservoir has remained relatively stable in this decade. For the most part, the reservoir’s ecosystem behaves similarly to the northern part of Lake Peipsi. In the last few years, a rise in both phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations has been observed in Narva reservoir. Phytoplankton concentrations have also increased – especially blue-green algae biomass and chlorophyll a concentrations – as a result of which the ecological status of the reservoir was rated moderate. The indicators for the status of Lake Võrtsjärv depend significantly on the lake’s water level, which in recent years has been quite low. For this reason, the water quality and status of the phytoplankton in this water body were assessed on the basis of data for the last 10 years. The combined rating of the ecological status of Lake Võrtsjärv on the basis of phytoplankton, macrophytes and water quality was deemed good. The major fluctuations in the water level of recent years make it difficult to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic changes and thus reduce the reliability of the rating. Status of smaller lakes. The existing data made it possible to assess the status of 152 small lakes J (figure 6.14, map 6.7). Of the lakes assessed, 17 were in high status, 76 were in good status, 50 were in moderate and 9 were in poor status. The status of macrophytes in Estonian lakes is the poorest indicator. Regarding water quality it can be said that on the basis of nitrogen, over half of the lakes were in moderate or worse condition, while on the basis of phosphorus, slightly over 20% of the lakes were in moderate or worse status. Of the largest lakes, Ülemiste, Maardu and Harku in Harju County were in moderate condition, as were Kaiavere in Jõgeva County and Vagula and Tamula lakes in Võru County. The condition of Veisjärv in Viljandi County is poor. high good moderate poor 100 80 60 40 20 % 0 Viru Peipsi Võrtsjärve Harju Matsalu Pärnu Läänesaarte Pandivere Mustjõe Figure 6.14. Ecological status of small lakes in Estonia, 2004–2008. The number indicates the number of lakes in the given status class. Data: EEIC. Read more: • Advanced WISE water map viewer. [WWW] http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/mapviewers/ advanced-wise-viewer/ • Estonian Environment Information Centre website. [WWW] http://www.keskkonnainfo.ee/ index.php?lan=EN&sid=2&tid=2 (state of environment) • Ministry of the Environment website. [WWW] http://www.envir.ee/67250 (water) 104 J Small lakes – all lakes besides Peipsi, Pskov and Võrtsjärv.
Lake Käsmu Lake Lohja Lake Harku Lake Klooga Lake Maardu Lake Ülemiste Lake Raku Lake Männiku Lake Kahala Lake Viitna Pikkjärv Soodla Reservoir Lake Ohepalu Narva Reservoir Lake Uljaste Lake Kurtna Liivjärv Lake Konsu Western Quarry of Rummu Lake Veskijärv Lake Tänavjärv Lake Hindaste Paunküla Reservoir Lake Vööla Meri Lake Äntu Sinijärv Lake Sutlepa Meri Lake Kirikulaht Lake Tihu Lake Endla Lake Peipsi Lake Kuremaa Lake Jõemōisa Lake Kaisma Lake Kaarepere Pikkjärv Lake Kaiavere Lake Kaiu Lake Kasse Laht Lake Raigastvere Lake Lahepera Lake Elistvere Lake Mõisalaht Lake Soitsjärv Lake Laialepa Laht Lake Järise Lake Lavassaare Lake Parika Lake Saadjärv Lake Kooru Lake Koigi Lake Undu Laht Lake Koosa Lake Tõhela Lake Võrtsjärv Lake Kalli Lake Karujärv Lake Oesaare Laht Lake Ermistu Lake Viljandi Lake Keeri Lake Leego Lake Mullutu Laht Lake Suurlaht Lake Karijärv Lake Linnulaht Lake Verevi Lake Vägara Laht Lake Õisu Lake Pangodi Status class High Good Moderate Bad Insufficient data Lake Kariste Lake Nigula Lake Mäeküla Lake Veisjärv Lake Meelva Lake Nõuni Lake Otepää Valgjärv Lake Pühajärv Lake Pihkva Lake Ruhijärv Lake Jõksi Lake Nohipalo Valgjärv Lake Tündre Visela-Punde Reservoirs Lake Nohipalo Mustjärv Lake Lõõdla Lake Vagula Lake Vastsõkivi Lake Köstrejärv Lake Ähijärv Lake Aheru Lake Tamula Lake Rõuge Suurjärv Lake Kirikumäe Lake Pullijärv Lake Pabra Lake Hino Lake Murati Map 6.7. Ecological status of lakes, 2004–2008. Data: EEIC. 105
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Estonian Environment ESTONIAN ENVIR
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Published in the “Estonian Enviro
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Table of contents Foreword 3 Introd
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10. The environment and health 162
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Summary Socioeconomic background In
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Part 1 Socioeconomic background 1.
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1 600 000 1 550 000 1 500 000 popul
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Sources: • Ainsaar, M., Maripuu L
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2. The economy Estonia’s economy
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Table 2.3. GDP per capita as measur
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agriculture and fishery 3%, 3859 pr
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2.4. Transport Transport gives peop
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2.5. Tourism After independence was
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2.6. Agriculture The relative impor
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Fertilizer use With regard to inorg
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Agri-environmental support monitori
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3. Natural resources
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Construction mineral resources were
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10000 thousands of cubic metres 800
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Status of fish stocks in inland bod
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3.2.3. Restocking As a consequence
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Map 3.2. Average volume per hectare
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15 increment felling volume optimum
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3.3.5. Forest fires One of the exte
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3.4. Hunting Hunting is closely rel
Page 55 and 56: 20 000 population size hunting bag
Page 58 and 59: 4. Weather patterns and causes of c
Page 60 and 61: o C Ristna -22.9/-28.4 Vilsandi -21
Page 62 and 63: 4.2. Greenhouse gas emissions and o
Page 64 and 65: agriculture 6% waste 3% industrial
Page 66 and 67: According to Statistics Estonia, CF
Page 68: 5. Ambient air
Page 71 and 72: 5.2. Emissions 5.2.1. Emissions of
Page 73 and 74: 5.2.2. Tropospheric ozone precursor
Page 75 and 76: Finland Bulgaria Spain Latvia tropo
Page 77 and 78: 40 35 fine particulate matter (PM 2
Page 79 and 80: other mobile pollution sources 0.04
Page 81 and 82: 6 5 4 3 2 tonnes 1 0 5.66 5.41 4.30
Page 83 and 84: Compared to years past, the number
Page 85 and 86: Hiiumaa 100 89 Saaremaa Läänemaa
Page 88 and 89: 6. Water The existence of clean fre
Page 90 and 91: 300 250 30 agriculture 200 13 manuf
Page 92 and 93: 6.2.2. Mining and cooling water In
Page 94 and 95: 250 wastewater volume total phospho
Page 96 and 97: Tallinn Kohtla-Järve Rakvere Tartu
Page 98 and 99: 6.4. Status of water 6.4.1. Groundw
Page 100 and 101: 6.4.2. Evaluating the status of sur
Page 102 and 103: 6.4.4. Status of rivers Proceeding
Page 104 and 105: Hirve Imsi Pale Uia Keila_1 Neeva S
Page 108: 7. Soil and land use
Page 111 and 112: 7.1.2. Soil formation Soil is creat
Page 113 and 114: 7.1.4. Soil status The status of so
Page 115 and 116: 7.2. Changes in land use 7.2.1. Cha
Page 117 and 118: 7.2.2. Changes in land use as refle
Page 119 and 120: partly attributable to unrealized p
Page 121 and 122: 7.3. Urban sprawl Suburban sprawl i
Page 123 and 124: green network core areas and corrid
Page 126 and 127: 8. Biological diversity Considering
Page 128 and 129: Table 8.2 Abundance and trends for
Page 130 and 131: Species habitats The status of habi
Page 132 and 133: non-initiation of Natura environmen
Page 134 and 135: 8.2.3. Achieving protection of biol
Page 136 and 137: Management plans Currently there ar
Page 138 and 139: 8.3. Inland water bodies The divers
Page 140 and 141: Small lakes The equilibrium of smal
Page 142 and 143: 8.4.2. Species: seals With the mild
Page 144 and 145: Proliferation of macroalgae Costal
Page 146: 9. Waste
Page 149 and 150: 20 total waste generated hazardous
Page 151 and 152: 9.4. Municipal waste generation and
Page 153 and 154: The primary reasons for the delay a
Page 155 and 156: 2004 2006 80 2005 2007 target of 15
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9.8. Recovery of waste Recovery of
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deposition in landfills other dispo
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Table 9.2. Number of landfills in 2
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10. The environment and health The
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a deficiency in the technical condi
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11. Economic instruments for enviro
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and payment, rates and use of the s
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tion, environmental educational ini
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12. Environmental management tools
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12.3. Environmental labels Consumer
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Appendix
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year month, day place event indicat
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Abbreviations used ARC - Agricultur
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ESTONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 2009

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