ESTONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 2009

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9.9.2. Number of landfills in use and classification The requirements for the establishment, use, closure and aftercare of landfills are set forth in the Waste Act, the European Council Landfill Directive 1999/31/EU and the Minister of the Environment regulation no. 38 of 29 April 2004, “Requirements for the establishment, use, closure of landfills”. By 16 July 2009, all landfills that do not conform to the requirements of the Estonian landfill regulation F must be closed and they must be conditioned by 16 July 2013. As the terms and conditions set forth in the landfill regulation are fairly strict, 2001 saw the beginning of massive closures. In 2001 there were still 157 landfills in operation (figure 9.15), in 2002 there were only 59 left. In 2007, there were 18 landfills for non-hazardous waste, 10 for hazardous waste and 2 inert waste landfills. All of the landfills closed in 2001–2007 have not yet been conditioned. There will be 6 landfills for non-hazardous waste left operational after 16 July 2009. These are regional landfills that are capable of serving more than one county. Non-hazardous waste landfills are used to deposit mixed municipal waste and other non-hazardous waste. Hazardous waste landfills are used to deposit hazardous waste, mainly oil shale waste – 5 landfills are for deposition of oil shale ash, 2 are for waste generated from production of shale oil and 3 are for depositing other hazardous waste. As these predominantly belong to companies, bringing these into conformity with the landfill regulation is the duty of the companies. Since 2003, the deposition of pitch waste from oil shale in semi-coke deposits has been terminated. The semicoke landfills in Kohtla-Järve and Kiviõli will be closed and restructured by 2013 and new landfills conforming to environmental requirements will be established on the rest of the territory of these landfills. Inert waste landfills are for waste produced in the mining of oil shale. In essence these are storage areas for mining waste, and these will later not be classified as landfills. Closure of a landfill does not mean that waste handling is no longer allowed on such a territory. Sorting and intermediate deposition of construction and demolition waste and composing of biodegradable waste may continue on such areas on the basis of waste permits. These types of waste may be used upon closure of landfills as well, if the approved closure project so permits. Thus there is no need to redirect all of the waste that has thus far been deposited in the landfills to be closed. 200 number of landfills in use from 2000–2007 150 100 P 50 0 170 157 59 50 46 39 36 30 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Figure 9.15. Number of landfills in use from 2000–2007. Data: EEIC. 158 F The landfill regulation – i.e., Minister of the Environment regulation no. 34 of 26 June 2001 “Requirements for the establishment, use and closure of landfills” (RTL 2001, 87, 1219; 2002, 146, 2127) transposes the primary requirements on landfills in European Council directive 1999/31/EU. The landfill regulation entered into force on 1 September 2001.
Table 9.2. Number of landfills in 2003–2007. Data: EEIC. Type of landfill 2003 G 2004 2005 2006 2007 Landfills conforming to the requirements of the landfill regulation hazardous waste landfill 10 10 11 10 10 2 non-hazardous waste 37 33 26 24 18 6 inert waste landfill 3 3 2 2 2 0 Table 9.3. Status of landfills as of 2009. Data: EEIC. Type of landfill To be closed 16.07.2009 Closed as of 2008 but not put in order Non-hazardous waste landfill 10 17 Hazardous waste landfill 8 4 Inert waste landfill 2 0 TOTAL 20 21 Hiiumaa Külama (Emmaste) Käina Kunda Nordic Põhja SEJ Uikala Vaivara OJKK Maleva 4 (Tallinn) Tsement Sillamäe Tallinna Kohtla-Järve Balti EJ Ussimäe Harjumaa Kiviõli Viru Estonia Eesti EJ Oru Lääne-Virumaa Ahtme EJ Ida-Virumaa Järvamaa Rakke Läänemaa Raplamaa Väätsa Torma Jõgevamaa Saaremaa Pärnumaa Paikre Viljandimaa Tartumaa Kudjape Viljandi Aardlapalu Quantities of waste in tonnes Non-hazardous waste Inert waste landfills: landfills: < 1 000 000 < 1 000 > 1 000 000 1 000 - 5 000 Hazardous waste landfills: 5 000 - 10 000 < 50 000 10 000 - 100 000 50 000 - 1 000 000 > 100 000 > 1 000 000 Valgamaa Valga Adiste Põlvamaa Räpo Võrumaa Map 9.2. Landfills in use in 2007 and quantities of waste deposited into them (tonnes). Note: OJKK – hazardous waste handling centre; SEJ – thermal power plant; EJ – power plant. Data: EEIC. Read more: • Estonian Environment Information Centre webpage [WWW] http://www.keskkonnainfo.ee/ index.php?lan=EN&sid=44&tid=394&l1=2 (waste) • Ministry of the Environment website. [WWW] http://www.envir.ee/67249 (waste and waste management) G Starting in 2003 a new classification of landfills entered into force based on the landfill regulation (non-hazardous, inert and hazardous waste landfills). Before that, landfills were classified as either consumer or industrial waste landfills; industrial landfills included both hazardous and non-hazardous waste landfills. 159
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Estonian Environment ESTONIAN ENVIR
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Published in the “Estonian Enviro
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Table of contents Foreword 3 Introd
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10. The environment and health 162
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Summary Socioeconomic background In
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Part 1 Socioeconomic background 1.
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1 600 000 1 550 000 1 500 000 popul
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Sources: • Ainsaar, M., Maripuu L
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2. The economy Estonia’s economy
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Table 2.3. GDP per capita as measur
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agriculture and fishery 3%, 3859 pr
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2.4. Transport Transport gives peop
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2.5. Tourism After independence was
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2.6. Agriculture The relative impor
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Fertilizer use With regard to inorg
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Agri-environmental support monitori
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3. Natural resources
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Construction mineral resources were
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10000 thousands of cubic metres 800
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Status of fish stocks in inland bod
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3.2.3. Restocking As a consequence
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Map 3.2. Average volume per hectare
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15 increment felling volume optimum
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3.3.5. Forest fires One of the exte
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3.4. Hunting Hunting is closely rel
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20 000 population size hunting bag
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4. Weather patterns and causes of c
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o C Ristna -22.9/-28.4 Vilsandi -21
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4.2. Greenhouse gas emissions and o
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agriculture 6% waste 3% industrial
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According to Statistics Estonia, CF
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5. Ambient air
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5.2. Emissions 5.2.1. Emissions of
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5.2.2. Tropospheric ozone precursor
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Finland Bulgaria Spain Latvia tropo
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40 35 fine particulate matter (PM 2
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other mobile pollution sources 0.04
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6 5 4 3 2 tonnes 1 0 5.66 5.41 4.30
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Compared to years past, the number
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Hiiumaa 100 89 Saaremaa Läänemaa
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6. Water The existence of clean fre
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300 250 30 agriculture 200 13 manuf
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6.2.2. Mining and cooling water In
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250 wastewater volume total phospho
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Tallinn Kohtla-Järve Rakvere Tartu
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6.4. Status of water 6.4.1. Groundw
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6.4.2. Evaluating the status of sur
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6.4.4. Status of rivers Proceeding
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Hirve Imsi Pale Uia Keila_1 Neeva S
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6.4.5. Status of lakes The ecologic
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7. Soil and land use
Page 111 and 112: 7.1.2. Soil formation Soil is creat
Page 113 and 114: 7.1.4. Soil status The status of so
Page 115 and 116: 7.2. Changes in land use 7.2.1. Cha
Page 117 and 118: 7.2.2. Changes in land use as refle
Page 119 and 120: partly attributable to unrealized p
Page 121 and 122: 7.3. Urban sprawl Suburban sprawl i
Page 123 and 124: green network core areas and corrid
Page 126 and 127: 8. Biological diversity Considering
Page 128 and 129: Table 8.2 Abundance and trends for
Page 130 and 131: Species habitats The status of habi
Page 132 and 133: non-initiation of Natura environmen
Page 134 and 135: 8.2.3. Achieving protection of biol
Page 136 and 137: Management plans Currently there ar
Page 138 and 139: 8.3. Inland water bodies The divers
Page 140 and 141: Small lakes The equilibrium of smal
Page 142 and 143: 8.4.2. Species: seals With the mild
Page 144 and 145: Proliferation of macroalgae Costal
Page 146: 9. Waste
Page 149 and 150: 20 total waste generated hazardous
Page 151 and 152: 9.4. Municipal waste generation and
Page 153 and 154: The primary reasons for the delay a
Page 155 and 156: 2004 2006 80 2005 2007 target of 15
Page 157 and 158: 9.8. Recovery of waste Recovery of
Page 159: deposition in landfills other dispo
Page 164 and 165: 10. The environment and health The
Page 166 and 167: a deficiency in the technical condi
Page 168: 11. Economic instruments for enviro
Page 171 and 172: and payment, rates and use of the s
Page 173 and 174: tion, environmental educational ini
Page 176 and 177: 12. Environmental management tools
Page 178 and 179: 12.3. Environmental labels Consumer
Page 180: Appendix
Page 183 and 184: year month, day place event indicat
Page 185 and 186: Abbreviations used ARC - Agricultur
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ESTONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 2009

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