ESTONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 2009

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5.3. Ambient air quality 5.3.1. Urban air monitoring Continuous urban air monitoring is performed in Estonia at six urban air monitoring stations, situated in Tallinn, Kohtla-Järve, Tartu and Narva. In Tartu and Narva, monitoring has been taking place since the second half of 2008. Background air monitoring is performed at three monitoring stations – Vilsandi Island, in Lahemaa National Park in northern Estonia and at Saarejärve in Jõgeva County. The locations of the air pollution measurement stations are on streets with busy traffic, residential districts or industrial areas. Most of the pollutants monitored are related to transport as this is the main source of ambient air pollution in urban areas. A total of 15 different parameters are monitored at the stations, including SO 2 , NO x , O 3 , CO, fine particles and heavy metals F . The increase in the level of nitrogen dioxide in years past has in the last two years yielded to a decrease at all Tallinn monitoring stations (figure 5.17), in spite of the increase in the number of cars in these years. One reason can be considered to be the number of new cars and the accompanying drop in emissions. If the current trend continues, there is no risk of exceeding the annual average limit, as seen in years past. The NO 2 level at Kohtla-Järve monitoring station has been low and stable in years past. The hourly average limit (200 µg/m 3 ) was not recorded in 2008 at any of the monitoring stations. Sulphur dioxide levels have dropped continuously over the years. This reflects directly the impacts of the sulphur content limits established on fuel in Europe. If the current development continues, the sulphur problem that has impacted all of Europe for decades can be considered alleviated. Due to the low levels, some countries have been phasing out or have discontinued monitoring for sulphur. Sulphur dioxide still tends to be fairly high in the Kohtla-Järve area, where a certain rise in the pollution level could be seen from the monitoring results last year. Nevertheless, the level at all locations was lower than the corresponding hourly average and daily average limit (350 µg/m 3 and 125 µg/m 3 , respectively). Carbon oxide levels appear to be following a continued declining trend and on the basis of the measurements taken to this point it can be said that carbon dioxide is not a problem pollutant in Estonia. Compared to the limit (10 mg/m 3 8h average) the maximum recorded level is significantly lower; neither have values exceeding the limit been recorded at Estonian monitoring stations in years past. Ozone levels have never been a major problem in the urban monitoring stations and over time it has remained fairly stable and has been associated to a greater degree with intensity of solar radiation. Last year, values exceeding the limit (120 µg/m 3 8h average) were recorded on two occasions at the Õismäe monitoring station. The level of particles (PM 10 ) is a major problem at the Liivalaia monitoring station in the centre of Tallinn. Whereas at other monitoring stations, the level is stable or declining, a growth trend can be seen at Liivalaia (figure 5.18). Tallinn/Liivalaia Tallinn/Õismäe 40 Tallinn/Rahu Kohtla-Järve/Kalevi Tartu/Karlova 35 30 25 20 concentration μg/m 3 15 10 5 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Figure 5.17. Changes in nitrogen dioxide levels, 1995–2008. Data: EERC. F For a more detailed list of the monitored pollutants, visit the Estonian Enviromental Research Centre website, http://www.klab.ee 80
Compared to years past, the number of times the limit was exceeded at Liivalaia station increased significantly (50 µg/m 3 24h average, 40 µg/m 3 annual average) (figure 5.19). One reason for this is the construction activity taking place around the monitoring station. Nevertheless it is clear that, even in the absence of construction activity, the level would have exceeded the limit, similarly to years past. Fine particle (PM 2.5 ) monitoring began at Õismäe monitoring station in 2006. Extra fine particle monitoring began at Tartu and Narva monitoring station in 2008. There are not yet enough years of data to draw conclusions. 50 Tallinn/Liivalaia Tallinn/Õismäe Tallinn/Rahu Kohtla-Järve/Kalevi Tartu/Karlova 40 30 concentration μg/m 3 20 10 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Figure 5.18. Changes in fine particle (PM 10 ) levels, 2001–2008. Data: EERC. number of times limit was exceeded 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Rahu Õismäe Liivalaia allowable number of times limits may Tallinn/Õismäe be exceeded per year Tallinn/Rahu Tartu/Karlova Tallinn/Liivalaia Kohtla-Järve/Kalevi 2005 2006 2007 2008 Figure 5.19. Number of times the PM 10 limit has been exceeded, 2005–2008. Data: EERC. 80 81
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Estonian Environment ESTONIAN ENVIR
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Published in the “Estonian Enviro
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Table of contents Foreword 3 Introd
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10. The environment and health 162
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Summary Socioeconomic background In
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Part 1 Socioeconomic background 1.
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1 600 000 1 550 000 1 500 000 popul
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Sources: • Ainsaar, M., Maripuu L
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2. The economy Estonia’s economy
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Table 2.3. GDP per capita as measur
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agriculture and fishery 3%, 3859 pr
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2.4. Transport Transport gives peop
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2.5. Tourism After independence was
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2.6. Agriculture The relative impor
Page 32 and 33: Fertilizer use With regard to inorg
Page 34 and 35: Agri-environmental support monitori
Page 36: 3. Natural resources
Page 39 and 40: Construction mineral resources were
Page 41 and 42: 10000 thousands of cubic metres 800
Page 43 and 44: Status of fish stocks in inland bod
Page 45 and 46: 3.2.3. Restocking As a consequence
Page 47 and 48: Map 3.2. Average volume per hectare
Page 49 and 50: 15 increment felling volume optimum
Page 51 and 52: 3.3.5. Forest fires One of the exte
Page 53 and 54: 3.4. Hunting Hunting is closely rel
Page 55 and 56: 20 000 population size hunting bag
Page 58 and 59: 4. Weather patterns and causes of c
Page 60 and 61: o C Ristna -22.9/-28.4 Vilsandi -21
Page 62 and 63: 4.2. Greenhouse gas emissions and o
Page 64 and 65: agriculture 6% waste 3% industrial
Page 66 and 67: According to Statistics Estonia, CF
Page 68: 5. Ambient air
Page 71 and 72: 5.2. Emissions 5.2.1. Emissions of
Page 73 and 74: 5.2.2. Tropospheric ozone precursor
Page 75 and 76: Finland Bulgaria Spain Latvia tropo
Page 77 and 78: 40 35 fine particulate matter (PM 2
Page 79 and 80: other mobile pollution sources 0.04
Page 81: 6 5 4 3 2 tonnes 1 0 5.66 5.41 4.30
Page 85 and 86: Hiiumaa 100 89 Saaremaa Läänemaa
Page 88 and 89: 6. Water The existence of clean fre
Page 90 and 91: 300 250 30 agriculture 200 13 manuf
Page 92 and 93: 6.2.2. Mining and cooling water In
Page 94 and 95: 250 wastewater volume total phospho
Page 96 and 97: Tallinn Kohtla-Järve Rakvere Tartu
Page 98 and 99: 6.4. Status of water 6.4.1. Groundw
Page 100 and 101: 6.4.2. Evaluating the status of sur
Page 102 and 103: 6.4.4. Status of rivers Proceeding
Page 104 and 105: Hirve Imsi Pale Uia Keila_1 Neeva S
Page 106 and 107: 6.4.5. Status of lakes The ecologic
Page 108: 7. Soil and land use
Page 111 and 112: 7.1.2. Soil formation Soil is creat
Page 113 and 114: 7.1.4. Soil status The status of so
Page 115 and 116: 7.2. Changes in land use 7.2.1. Cha
Page 117 and 118: 7.2.2. Changes in land use as refle
Page 119 and 120: partly attributable to unrealized p
Page 121 and 122: 7.3. Urban sprawl Suburban sprawl i
Page 123 and 124: green network core areas and corrid
Page 126 and 127: 8. Biological diversity Considering
Page 128 and 129: Table 8.2 Abundance and trends for
Page 130 and 131: Species habitats The status of habi
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non-initiation of Natura environmen
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8.2.3. Achieving protection of biol
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Management plans Currently there ar
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8.3. Inland water bodies The divers
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Small lakes The equilibrium of smal
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8.4.2. Species: seals With the mild
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Proliferation of macroalgae Costal
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9. Waste
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20 total waste generated hazardous
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9.4. Municipal waste generation and
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The primary reasons for the delay a
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2004 2006 80 2005 2007 target of 15
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9.8. Recovery of waste Recovery of
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deposition in landfills other dispo
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Table 9.2. Number of landfills in 2
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10. The environment and health The
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a deficiency in the technical condi
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11. Economic instruments for enviro
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and payment, rates and use of the s
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tion, environmental educational ini
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12. Environmental management tools
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12.3. Environmental labels Consumer
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Appendix
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year month, day place event indicat
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Abbreviations used ARC - Agricultur
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ESTONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 2009

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