ESTONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 2009

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APPENDIX The most hazardous meteorological phenomena and extreme meteorological and hydrological readings in Estonia, 2005–2008. Source: EMHI. Authors: Ain Kallis, Külli Loodla, Tiina Tammets, Lidia Klaus, Olga Kovalenko, Ilona Vahter. year month, day place event indicator 2005 2006 9-11 January January May June Western and Northern Estonia storm Winds gusts up to 38 m/s on islands; 31 m/s on mainland; record sea and river water level rise Kihnu wind gusts maximum wind speed 38 m/s Pärnu Narva-Jõesuu Tallinn Ristna Rohuküla Tartu Tartu Jõhvi Pärnu rise in sea water level excessive precipitation high flow rate in Emajõgi River caused by precipitation excessive precipitation water level 275 cm above normal 194 cm above normal 152 cm above normal 176 cm above normal 120 cm above normal 86 mm of precipitation (296% of normal) Flow rate 150 m 3 /s 98 mm of precipitation (238% of normal) 100 mm of precipitation (200% of normal) Tõravere high UV index 7.7 (over 7 is high) September Hiiumaa lack of precipitation year Tõravere sunny weather 18 January – March Estonia long period of lower than normal air temperature February, March Võru frozen soil 3 mm of precipitation (5% of normal) 1817 hours of sunny weather (ranks 2nd in time series) average air temperature in February -7.8 °C (normal: -5.7 °C); March -4.9 °C (normal: -2.1°C) to a depth of 99 cm by the end of February April Estonia occasional drought precipitation 44% of normal June Estonia nights with frost temperature at the height of 2 cm: -2.3 °C (Jõgeva) islands drought precipitation 10% of normal Tõravere UV index 8.3 (over 7 is high) July Türi, Virtsu drought summer Estonia warm and dry April - September Lake Peipus low water level 3 mm of precipitation (3% of normal) fall in the level of water in rivers, rates of flow up to 60% lower than the long-term average monthly average water levels 63-76 cm lower than long-term average 180
year month, day place event indicator 2006 2007 September - November Tartu record heat air temperature anomaly +2.8 °C March - December Lake Võrtsjärv low water level December January 9-10 January Estonia Valga Estonia Ristna Pärnu Kuressaare, Narva record warmth precipitation rise in sea water level March Estonia record warmth May Estonia record heat spring (March, April, May) 1st half of June Tartu Estonia record warmth/heat long period without precipitation monthly average water levels 64-92 cm lower than long-term average absolute air temperature maximum for December measured at most weather stations Absolute maximum air temperature for December recorded in Estonia – +11.9 °C amount of precipitation up to 350% of normal) 138.1 mm of precipitation during the month – record 176 cm above normal 134 cm above normal air temperature anomaly +6.6 °C; many stations recorded new absolute time maximum air temperature for March (Tartu 22 March: +18.4 °C) on 29 May, many stations recorded new absolute maximum air temperatures – Haapsalu 31,3 °C; Pärnu 31,2 °C; Lääne-Nigula 31,1°C air temperature anomaly +2.9 °C (rankes first in time series) up to 15 days without precipitation (in Jõgeva) June Tõravere UV index 8.3 (over 7 is high) July Estonia thunderstorms hail, storm damage August October December Estonia extremely uneven distribution of precipitation Paide, Kuressaare, Vao spouts, waterspouts damage Estonia Viljandi Estonia Valga excessive precipitation excessive precipitation very warm 133.8 mm of precipitation during the month in Tallinn 30.6 mm in Võru amount of precipitation 122% of normal); 111.9 mm of precipitation air temperature anomaly +4.7 °C absolute maximum air temperature +7.8°C 181
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Estonian Environment ESTONIAN ENVIR
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Published in the “Estonian Enviro
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Table of contents Foreword 3 Introd
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10. The environment and health 162
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Summary Socioeconomic background In
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Part 1 Socioeconomic background 1.
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1 600 000 1 550 000 1 500 000 popul
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Sources: • Ainsaar, M., Maripuu L
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2. The economy Estonia’s economy
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Table 2.3. GDP per capita as measur
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agriculture and fishery 3%, 3859 pr
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2.4. Transport Transport gives peop
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2.5. Tourism After independence was
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2.6. Agriculture The relative impor
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Fertilizer use With regard to inorg
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Agri-environmental support monitori
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3. Natural resources
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Construction mineral resources were
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10000 thousands of cubic metres 800
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Status of fish stocks in inland bod
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3.2.3. Restocking As a consequence
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Map 3.2. Average volume per hectare
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15 increment felling volume optimum
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3.3.5. Forest fires One of the exte
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3.4. Hunting Hunting is closely rel
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20 000 population size hunting bag
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4. Weather patterns and causes of c
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o C Ristna -22.9/-28.4 Vilsandi -21
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4.2. Greenhouse gas emissions and o
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agriculture 6% waste 3% industrial
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According to Statistics Estonia, CF
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5. Ambient air
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5.2. Emissions 5.2.1. Emissions of
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5.2.2. Tropospheric ozone precursor
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Finland Bulgaria Spain Latvia tropo
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40 35 fine particulate matter (PM 2
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other mobile pollution sources 0.04
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6 5 4 3 2 tonnes 1 0 5.66 5.41 4.30
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Compared to years past, the number
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Hiiumaa 100 89 Saaremaa Läänemaa
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6. Water The existence of clean fre
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300 250 30 agriculture 200 13 manuf
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6.2.2. Mining and cooling water In
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250 wastewater volume total phospho
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Tallinn Kohtla-Järve Rakvere Tartu
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6.4. Status of water 6.4.1. Groundw
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6.4.2. Evaluating the status of sur
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6.4.4. Status of rivers Proceeding
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Hirve Imsi Pale Uia Keila_1 Neeva S
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6.4.5. Status of lakes The ecologic
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7. Soil and land use
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7.1.2. Soil formation Soil is creat
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7.1.4. Soil status The status of so
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7.2. Changes in land use 7.2.1. Cha
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7.2.2. Changes in land use as refle
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partly attributable to unrealized p
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7.3. Urban sprawl Suburban sprawl i
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green network core areas and corrid
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8. Biological diversity Considering
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Table 8.2 Abundance and trends for
Page 130 and 131: Species habitats The status of habi
Page 132 and 133: non-initiation of Natura environmen
Page 134 and 135: 8.2.3. Achieving protection of biol
Page 136 and 137: Management plans Currently there ar
Page 138 and 139: 8.3. Inland water bodies The divers
Page 140 and 141: Small lakes The equilibrium of smal
Page 142 and 143: 8.4.2. Species: seals With the mild
Page 144 and 145: Proliferation of macroalgae Costal
Page 146: 9. Waste
Page 149 and 150: 20 total waste generated hazardous
Page 151 and 152: 9.4. Municipal waste generation and
Page 153 and 154: The primary reasons for the delay a
Page 155 and 156: 2004 2006 80 2005 2007 target of 15
Page 157 and 158: 9.8. Recovery of waste Recovery of
Page 159 and 160: deposition in landfills other dispo
Page 161 and 162: Table 9.2. Number of landfills in 2
Page 164 and 165: 10. The environment and health The
Page 166 and 167: a deficiency in the technical condi
Page 168: 11. Economic instruments for enviro
Page 171 and 172: and payment, rates and use of the s
Page 173 and 174: tion, environmental educational ini
Page 176 and 177: 12. Environmental management tools
Page 178 and 179: 12.3. Environmental labels Consumer
Page 180: Appendix
Page 185 and 186: Abbreviations used ARC - Agricultur
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ESTONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 2009

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