ESTONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 2009

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300 250 30 agriculture 200 13 manufacturing human consumption millions of cubic metres/year 150 100 50 0 125 104 75 99 10 69 92 8 62 88 7 61 87 6 63 76 5 57 61 5 53 53 4 49 49 4 43 46 44 44 4 42 43 4 41 45 4 52 44 4 5 44 42 6 34 44 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Figure 6.2. Water use for human consumption, manufacturing and agriculture, 1992–2007. Data: EEIC. 200 average price of sewerage for residents average price of water for residents % of the net income of a household spent on water and sewerage service m 3 per person per year litres per person per day 15 150 12 9 100 6 litre and m 3 50 0 3 0 kroons, % 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Figure 6.3. Water use for human consumption and the price of water, 1992–2007. Data: EEIC. 88
120 100 105 101 89 millions of m 3 80 60 40 20 0 30 37 34 77 67 30 30 59 57 29 26 48 24 39 Narva Tallinn 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 34 31 28 27 27 19 16 16 14 11 12 24 22 23 23 9 7 7 7 Figure 6.4. Surface water extraction for the cities of Tallinn and Narva, 1990–2007. Data: EEIC. Middle and Lower Devonian and Silurian 5% Middle and Lower Devonian 5% Middle Devonian 8% 2.5 4.2 2.4 Cambrian-Vendian 33% 16.2 mln m 3 4.3 4.7 Quaternary 8% Ordovician-Cambrian 9% 16.1 Silurian-Ordovician 32% Upper Devonian 0.02 Figure 6.5. Groundwater extraction from aquifer systems throughout Estonia in 2007 (not including mining water). Data: EEIC. 89
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Estonian Environment ESTONIAN ENVIR
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Published in the “Estonian Enviro
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Table of contents Foreword 3 Introd
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10. The environment and health 162
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Summary Socioeconomic background In
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Part 1 Socioeconomic background 1.
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1 600 000 1 550 000 1 500 000 popul
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Sources: • Ainsaar, M., Maripuu L
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2. The economy Estonia’s economy
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Table 2.3. GDP per capita as measur
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agriculture and fishery 3%, 3859 pr
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2.4. Transport Transport gives peop
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2.5. Tourism After independence was
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2.6. Agriculture The relative impor
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Fertilizer use With regard to inorg
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Agri-environmental support monitori
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3. Natural resources
Page 39 and 40: Construction mineral resources were
Page 41 and 42: 10000 thousands of cubic metres 800
Page 43 and 44: Status of fish stocks in inland bod
Page 45 and 46: 3.2.3. Restocking As a consequence
Page 47 and 48: Map 3.2. Average volume per hectare
Page 49 and 50: 15 increment felling volume optimum
Page 51 and 52: 3.3.5. Forest fires One of the exte
Page 53 and 54: 3.4. Hunting Hunting is closely rel
Page 55 and 56: 20 000 population size hunting bag
Page 58 and 59: 4. Weather patterns and causes of c
Page 60 and 61: o C Ristna -22.9/-28.4 Vilsandi -21
Page 62 and 63: 4.2. Greenhouse gas emissions and o
Page 64 and 65: agriculture 6% waste 3% industrial
Page 66 and 67: According to Statistics Estonia, CF
Page 68: 5. Ambient air
Page 71 and 72: 5.2. Emissions 5.2.1. Emissions of
Page 73 and 74: 5.2.2. Tropospheric ozone precursor
Page 75 and 76: Finland Bulgaria Spain Latvia tropo
Page 77 and 78: 40 35 fine particulate matter (PM 2
Page 79 and 80: other mobile pollution sources 0.04
Page 81 and 82: 6 5 4 3 2 tonnes 1 0 5.66 5.41 4.30
Page 83 and 84: Compared to years past, the number
Page 85 and 86: Hiiumaa 100 89 Saaremaa Läänemaa
Page 88 and 89: 6. Water The existence of clean fre
Page 92 and 93: 6.2.2. Mining and cooling water In
Page 94 and 95: 250 wastewater volume total phospho
Page 96 and 97: Tallinn Kohtla-Järve Rakvere Tartu
Page 98 and 99: 6.4. Status of water 6.4.1. Groundw
Page 100 and 101: 6.4.2. Evaluating the status of sur
Page 102 and 103: 6.4.4. Status of rivers Proceeding
Page 104 and 105: Hirve Imsi Pale Uia Keila_1 Neeva S
Page 106 and 107: 6.4.5. Status of lakes The ecologic
Page 108: 7. Soil and land use
Page 111 and 112: 7.1.2. Soil formation Soil is creat
Page 113 and 114: 7.1.4. Soil status The status of so
Page 115 and 116: 7.2. Changes in land use 7.2.1. Cha
Page 117 and 118: 7.2.2. Changes in land use as refle
Page 119 and 120: partly attributable to unrealized p
Page 121 and 122: 7.3. Urban sprawl Suburban sprawl i
Page 123 and 124: green network core areas and corrid
Page 126 and 127: 8. Biological diversity Considering
Page 128 and 129: Table 8.2 Abundance and trends for
Page 130 and 131: Species habitats The status of habi
Page 132 and 133: non-initiation of Natura environmen
Page 134 and 135: 8.2.3. Achieving protection of biol
Page 136 and 137: Management plans Currently there ar
Page 138 and 139: 8.3. Inland water bodies The divers
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Small lakes The equilibrium of smal
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8.4.2. Species: seals With the mild
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Proliferation of macroalgae Costal
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9. Waste
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20 total waste generated hazardous
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9.4. Municipal waste generation and
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The primary reasons for the delay a
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2004 2006 80 2005 2007 target of 15
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9.8. Recovery of waste Recovery of
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deposition in landfills other dispo
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Table 9.2. Number of landfills in 2
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10. The environment and health The
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a deficiency in the technical condi
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11. Economic instruments for enviro
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and payment, rates and use of the s
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tion, environmental educational ini
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12. Environmental management tools
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12.3. Environmental labels Consumer
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Appendix
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year month, day place event indicat
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Abbreviations used ARC - Agricultur
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ESTONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 2009

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