On the Formation of Nitrogen Oxides During the Combustion of ...

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D Raw Data of Microgravity Experiments 3.00 x 10 −6 m 2 Droplet diameter squared D 2 2.50 x 10 −6 2.00 x 10 −6 Method No. 1, t Ψ = 5 s Method No. 1, t Ψ = 10 s 1.50 x 10 −6 Method No. 1, t Ψ = 18 s Method No. 2, t Ψ = 5 s Method No. 2, t Ψ = 10 s Method No. 2, t Ψ = 18 s 1.00 x 10 −6 0 4 8 12 16 s Time t Figure D.5: Time Histories of Droplet Diameter Squared for Vaporizing Droplets. The data are analyzed at intervals of 1.0Hz, corresponding to Tables D.1 through D.3. Droplet diameter squared D 2 1.0 x 10 −6 m 2 0.8 x 10 −6 0.6 x 10 −6 0.4 x 10 −6 0.2 x 10 −6 Combustion (D 0 = 0.8805 mm) Vaporization (D 0 = 0.8186 mm) 0.0 x 10 −6 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 s Time t Figure D.6: Time Histories of Droplet Diameter Squared for Vaporizing and Burning Droplets. Measurement data are taken from the TEXNOX drop tower campaign. For combustion: Exp. 20, for vaporization: Exp. 21 (see also Tab. B.1). 228
Supervised Theses Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation entstanden am Lehrstuhl für Thermodynamik in den Jahren 2005 bis 2012 unter wesentlicher wissenschaftlicher, fachlicher und inhaltlicher Anleitung des Autors die im Folgenden aufgeführten studentischen Arbeiten. In ihnen wurden verschiedene Fragestellungen zur Verbrennungswissenschaft und -technik sowie zur Abgasentstehung und -analyse untersucht. Ergebnisse aus diesen Arbeiten sind in Teilen in das vorliegende Dokument eingeflossen. Der Autor dankt hiermit nochmals explizit allen ehemals betreuten Studenten für ihr Engagement bei der Unterstützung des hier behandelten Forschungsprojekts sowie der damit verknüpften Dissertation. Associated with the research under discussion, there are a number of different “student theses” (Semesterarbeiten, Diplomarbeiten, Bachelor theses, or Master theses). This students’ contribution was prepared at the Lehrstuhl für Thermodynamik in the years 2005 through 2012 under the close supervision of the author of this Ph.D. thesis with regard to all academic, professional, and context-related concerns. Various issues were investigated contributing to combustion science and particular applications as well as to exhaust gas formation and exhaust gas analysis. Finally, the author would like to express his sincere gratitude to all formerly supervised students for their commitment and support of this research project and of the Ph.D. thesis at hand. 229
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TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN In
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Vorwort Die vorliegende Arbeit ents
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Kurzfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit
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Contents List of Figures List of Ta
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CONTENTS 5 Results 155 5.1 Droplets
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LIST OF FIGURES xiv 3.3 Droplet Arr
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LIST OF FIGURES 5.19 Progression of
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LIST OF TABLES C.2 Overview of Tele
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NOMENCLATURE g Gravitational force
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NOMENCLATURE σ S Surface tension N
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NOMENCLATURE () T Thermal, temperat
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NOMENCLATURE PAL PAN PDU PFA PFC PH
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1 Introduction In thermal engines t
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1 Introduction 1.3 Oxides of Nitrog
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1 Introduction residence time of th
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1 Introduction Chapter 3 describes
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2 Combustion Theory 2.1.1 Premixed
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2 Combustion Theory molecules by ea
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2 Combustion Theory four types. Out
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2 Combustion Theory ventional combu
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2 Combustion Theory of partial pre-
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2 Combustion Theory Formation of Fu
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2 Combustion Theory Moreover, exper
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2 Combustion Theory For the gas pha
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2 Combustion Theory combustion, ext
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2 Combustion Theory termed “natur
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2 Combustion Theory thin layer of u
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2 Combustion Theory nor generally c
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2 Combustion Theory is assumed to o
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2 Combustion Theory before it follo
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2 Combustion Theory position, which
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2 Combustion Theory 2.3 Kinetic Mod
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2 Combustion Theory 1.2 m s −1 La
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2 Combustion Theory Mole fraction o
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2 Combustion Theory Reburn Miller a
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2 Combustion Theory The results of
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2 Combustion Theory Temperature T 3
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2 Combustion Theory 0.0004 GRI 3.0
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2 Combustion Theory In conclusion,
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3 Experiments on Droplet Array Comb
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility and
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility C D
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility ous
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility for
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility par
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility The
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility a c
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility •
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility Tab
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility Fig
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3.2 Measurement Techniques and Data
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3.3 Numerical Study of the Fluid Dy
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4 Numerical Modeling and Simulation
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling 4
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling 4
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling n
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling P
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling E
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4.3 Modeling of Ignition In the end
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4.3 Modeling of Ignition 10 W Time
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4.3 Modeling of Ignition Hence, the
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4.4 Modeling of Nitrogen Oxide Form
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4.5 Simulation of Single Droplets t
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4.5 Simulation of Single Droplets e
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4.6 Model Validation with index i
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4.6 Model Validation utilized model
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4.6 Model Validation Figure 4.7 dep
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4.6 Model Validation 340 K Ambient
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4.6 Model Validation Table 4.1: Val
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4.7 Scope and Limitations of Single
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4.7 Scope and Limitations of Single
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5 Results In total, it includes 99
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5 Results atmosphere of Figure 5.1
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5 Results 32 g kg −1 2400 K Emiss
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5 Results 4.0 g kg −1 Emission in
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5 Results uses constant spatial pos
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5 Results 16 g kg −1 Emission ind
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5 Results Maximum temperature Tmax
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5 Results Even though the parameter
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5 Results Flame stand-off ratio ζ
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5 Results 5.2.3 Comparison with Mic
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5 Results 0.50 5000 ppm Emission in
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Page 210 and 211: 5 Results Flame stand-off ratio ζ
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Page 218 and 219: 5 Results 5.6 Recommendations and F
Page 221 and 222: 6 Summary and Conclusions In times
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Page 226 and 227: A Chemical Mechanisms The earliest
Page 228 and 229: A Chemical Mechanisms only deduced
Page 230 and 231: A Chemical Mechanisms Another, very
Page 232 and 233: A Chemical Mechanisms the reactions
Page 234 and 235: B Investigated Conditions There are
Page 236 and 237: B Investigated Conditions Table B.1
Page 238 and 239: B Investigated Conditions high mech
Page 240 and 241: C Design Details of Experiment Equi
Page 250 and 251: D Raw Data of Microgravity Experime
Page 252 and 253: D Raw Data of Microgravity Experime
Page 256 and 257: SUPERVISED THESES Student Sebastian
Page 259 and 260: References [1] J.A. Aardenne van, G
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On the Formation of Nitrogen Oxides During the Combustion of ...

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