On the Formation of Nitrogen Oxides During the Combustion of ...

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SUPERVISED THESES Student Sebastian Bomberg Sebastian Bomberg Matthias Bühner Biyuan Chen Micha Dirmeier Wolfgang J. Fenninger Philipp Hack Matthias Huber Thesis Optimierung eines Modells zur Tropfenverbrennung mittels stabilisierter Finiter Elemente (in German), Semesterarbeit, filed in December 2009. Comparison and Evaluation of Different Modelling Approaches of the Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from the Combustion of Single Droplets and Droplet Arrays (in English), Diplomarbeit, filed in July 2010. Partially integrated in Chapter 1 and 2, Chapter 4 through 6, and Appendix A. Modifikation des Abgasentnahmesystems eines TEXUS-Experiments zur Tropfenverbrennung für dessen Einsatz im Parabelflug (in German), Semesterarbeit, filed in January 2008. Aufbau und Inbetriebnahme eines Abgasanalysesystems für geringe Gasmengen am FTIR (in German), Semesterarbeit, filed in December 2006. Identifizierung von Divergenzen bei Verdunstungsemissionsmessungen an verschiedenen Standorten der BMW Group und Optimierung der bestehenden Prozesse (in German), Diplomarbeit, filed in November 2007. Implementation and Evaluation of Different Modeling Approaches of the Nitrogen Oxide Emissions in Droplet Combustion (in English), Semesterarbeit, filed in January 2011. Partially integrated in Chapter 1 and 2, Chapter 4 through 6, and Appendix A. Numerische Simulation der Strömungs- und Verbrennungsvorgänge in einer Versuchsbrennkammer (in German), Semesterarbeit, filed in September 2008. Partially integrated in Chapter 3. Preparation and Conduction of a Droplet Combustion Experiment for Drop Tower in a Multi-National Research Environment (in English), Semesterarbeit, filed in May 2009. Partially integrated in Chapter 3 and 5. 230
SUPERVISED THESES Andreas Kollmannsberger Le Liu Andreas Sachsenhauser Christian Schinkel Felix Schröder Nicola Schwentner Joachim E. Schwing Klaus G. Vollmer Ruize Xu Evaluation and Implementation of the Safety Measures of a Combustion Experiment for Parabolic Flight (in English), Semesterarbeit, filed in July 2008. Evaluation eines begasten Rührkessels unter Schwerelosigkeit (in German), Semesterarbeit, filed in June 2008. Konstruktion eines Reaktors zur Aufoxidation von NO zu NO 2 (in German), Semesterarbeit, filed in March 2012. Aufbau und Inbetriebnahme eines Abgasanalysesystems für Sprayflammen unter Schwerelosigkeit (in German), Diplomarbeit, filed in May 2006. Evaluation of a 125cc High-Performance Two-Stroke Engine by 1D Simulation (in English), Semesterarbeit, filed in August 2006. Entwicklung und Implementierung einer Versuchssteuerung mit Messdatenerfassung für zeitkritische Verbrennungsprozesse unter Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen (in German), Semesterarbeit, filed in January 2007. Modeling and Simulation of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Combustion of Single Droplets and Droplet Arrays (in English), Diplomarbeit, filed in April 2009. Partially integrated in Chapter 1, Chapter 2, and Chapter 4 through 6. Untersuchung verschiedener Zündsystemkonzepte in Verbrennungsprozessen mit Sprayeindüsung und idealer Gasvormischung (in German), Master thesis, filed in March 2007. Überarbeitung eines Brennstoffdosiersystems für ein Verbrennungsexperiment unter Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen (in German), Semesterarbeit, filed in January 2007. 231
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TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN In
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Vorwort Die vorliegende Arbeit ents
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Kurzfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit
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Contents List of Figures List of Ta
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CONTENTS 5 Results 155 5.1 Droplets
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LIST OF FIGURES xiv 3.3 Droplet Arr
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LIST OF FIGURES 5.19 Progression of
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LIST OF TABLES C.2 Overview of Tele
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NOMENCLATURE g Gravitational force
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NOMENCLATURE σ S Surface tension N
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NOMENCLATURE () T Thermal, temperat
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NOMENCLATURE PAL PAN PDU PFA PFC PH
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1 Introduction In thermal engines t
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1 Introduction 1.3 Oxides of Nitrog
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1 Introduction residence time of th
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1 Introduction Chapter 3 describes
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2 Combustion Theory 2.1.1 Premixed
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2 Combustion Theory molecules by ea
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2 Combustion Theory four types. Out
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2 Combustion Theory ventional combu
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2 Combustion Theory of partial pre-
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2 Combustion Theory Formation of Fu
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2 Combustion Theory Moreover, exper
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2 Combustion Theory For the gas pha
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2 Combustion Theory combustion, ext
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2 Combustion Theory termed “natur
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2 Combustion Theory thin layer of u
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2 Combustion Theory nor generally c
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2 Combustion Theory is assumed to o
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2 Combustion Theory before it follo
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2 Combustion Theory position, which
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2 Combustion Theory 2.3 Kinetic Mod
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2 Combustion Theory 1.2 m s −1 La
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2 Combustion Theory Mole fraction o
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2 Combustion Theory Reburn Miller a
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2 Combustion Theory The results of
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2 Combustion Theory Temperature T 3
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2 Combustion Theory 0.0004 GRI 3.0
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2 Combustion Theory In conclusion,
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3 Experiments on Droplet Array Comb
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility and
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility C D
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility ous
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility for
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility par
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility The
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility a c
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility •
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility Tab
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility Fig
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3.2 Measurement Techniques and Data
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3.3 Numerical Study of the Fluid Dy
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4 Numerical Modeling and Simulation
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling 4
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling 4
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling n
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling P
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling E
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4.3 Modeling of Ignition In the end
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4.3 Modeling of Ignition 10 W Time
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4.3 Modeling of Ignition Hence, the
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4.4 Modeling of Nitrogen Oxide Form
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4.5 Simulation of Single Droplets t
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4.5 Simulation of Single Droplets e
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4.6 Model Validation with index i
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4.6 Model Validation utilized model
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4.6 Model Validation Figure 4.7 dep
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4.6 Model Validation 340 K Ambient
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4.6 Model Validation Table 4.1: Val
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4.7 Scope and Limitations of Single
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4.7 Scope and Limitations of Single
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5 Results In total, it includes 99
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5 Results atmosphere of Figure 5.1
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5 Results 32 g kg −1 2400 K Emiss
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5 Results 4.0 g kg −1 Emission in
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5 Results uses constant spatial pos
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5 Results 16 g kg −1 Emission ind
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5 Results Maximum temperature Tmax
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5 Results Even though the parameter
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5 Results Flame stand-off ratio ζ
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5 Results 5.2.3 Comparison with Mic
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5 Results 0.50 5000 ppm Emission in
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5 Results Ψ = 0.1695 (t Ψ = 5 s):
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Page 210 and 211: 5 Results Flame stand-off ratio ζ
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Page 214 and 215: 5 Results 0.40 g kg −1 Initial dr
Page 216 and 217: 5 Results A twofold trend was obser
Page 218 and 219: 5 Results 5.6 Recommendations and F
Page 221 and 222: 6 Summary and Conclusions In times
Page 223: APPENDIX
Page 226 and 227: A Chemical Mechanisms The earliest
Page 228 and 229: A Chemical Mechanisms only deduced
Page 230 and 231: A Chemical Mechanisms Another, very
Page 232 and 233: A Chemical Mechanisms the reactions
Page 234 and 235: B Investigated Conditions There are
Page 236 and 237: B Investigated Conditions Table B.1
Page 238 and 239: B Investigated Conditions high mech
Page 240 and 241: C Design Details of Experiment Equi
Page 250 and 251: D Raw Data of Microgravity Experime
Page 259 and 260: References [1] J.A. Aardenne van, G
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