On the Formation of Nitrogen Oxides During the Combustion of ...

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REFERENCES [197] Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and EADS Astrium GmbH. Operations Requirements Document – Technical Experiment Module - Japanese Combustion Module (TEM-JCM). Technical report, March 2009. [198] Y. Jin and B.D. Shaw. Computational Modeling of n-Heptane Droplet Combustion in Air-Diluent Environments Under Reduced-Gravity. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 53:5782–5791, 2010. [199] W.P. Jones and R.P. Lindstedt. Global Reaction Schemes for Hydrocarbon Combustion. Combustion and Flame, 73:233–249, 1988. [200] D.D. Joseph and Y.Y. Renardy. Fundamentals of Two-Fluid Dynamics. Springer-Verlag, 1993. [201] J.R. Kalb and T. Sattelmayer. Lean Blowout Limit and NOx-Production of a Premixed Sub-ppm NOx Burner with Periodic Recirculation of Combustion Products. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 128:247–254, 2006. [202] J. Kanevsky. Interference During Burning in Air for Nine Stationary Fuel Droplets Arranged in a Body-Centered Cubic Lattice. Jet Propulsion, 26: 788, 1956. [203] S. Kato, H. Mizuno, H. Kobayashi, and T. Niioka. Experiments on Flame Spread of a Fuel Droplet Array in a High-Pressure Ambience. JSME International Journal - Series B - Fluids and Thermal Engineering, 41:322– 330, 1998. [204] A.S. Kesten. Analysis of NO Formation in Single Droplet Combustion. Combustion Science and Technology, 6:115–123, 1972. [205] M. Kikuchi, Wakashima Y., S. Yoda, and M. Mikami. Numerical Study on Flame Spread of an n-Decane Droplet Array in Different Temperature Environment Under Microgravity. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 30:2001–2009, 2005. [206] M. Kikuchi, S. Yamamoto, S. Yoda, Y. Wakashima, and M. Mikami. Effect of Ambient Temperature on Flame Spread of an n-Decane Droplet Array Under Microgravity. In 56th International Astronautical Congress, number IAC-05-A2.7.04, Fukuoka, Japan, 2005. 252
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Page 1:
TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN In
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Vorwort Die vorliegende Arbeit ents
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Kurzfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit
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Contents List of Figures List of Ta
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CONTENTS 5 Results 155 5.1 Droplets
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LIST OF FIGURES xiv 3.3 Droplet Arr
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LIST OF FIGURES 5.19 Progression of
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LIST OF TABLES C.2 Overview of Tele
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NOMENCLATURE g Gravitational force
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NOMENCLATURE σ S Surface tension N
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NOMENCLATURE () T Thermal, temperat
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NOMENCLATURE PAL PAN PDU PFA PFC PH
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1 Introduction In thermal engines t
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1 Introduction 1.3 Oxides of Nitrog
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1 Introduction residence time of th
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1 Introduction Chapter 3 describes
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2 Combustion Theory 2.1.1 Premixed
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2 Combustion Theory molecules by ea
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2 Combustion Theory four types. Out
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2 Combustion Theory ventional combu
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2 Combustion Theory of partial pre-
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2 Combustion Theory Formation of Fu
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2 Combustion Theory Moreover, exper
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2 Combustion Theory For the gas pha
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2 Combustion Theory combustion, ext
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2 Combustion Theory termed “natur
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2 Combustion Theory thin layer of u
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2 Combustion Theory nor generally c
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2 Combustion Theory is assumed to o
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2 Combustion Theory before it follo
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2 Combustion Theory position, which
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2 Combustion Theory 2.3 Kinetic Mod
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2 Combustion Theory 1.2 m s −1 La
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2 Combustion Theory Mole fraction o
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2 Combustion Theory Reburn Miller a
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2 Combustion Theory The results of
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2 Combustion Theory Temperature T 3
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2 Combustion Theory 0.0004 GRI 3.0
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2 Combustion Theory In conclusion,
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3 Experiments on Droplet Array Comb
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility and
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility C D
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility ous
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility for
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility par
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility The
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility a c
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility •
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility Tab
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3.1 Droplet Combustion Facility Fig
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3.2 Measurement Techniques and Data
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3.3 Numerical Study of the Fluid Dy
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4 Numerical Modeling and Simulation
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling 4
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling 4
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling n
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling P
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4.2 Basics for Numerical Modeling E
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4.3 Modeling of Ignition In the end
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4.3 Modeling of Ignition 10 W Time
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4.3 Modeling of Ignition Hence, the
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4.4 Modeling of Nitrogen Oxide Form
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4.5 Simulation of Single Droplets t
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4.5 Simulation of Single Droplets e
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4.6 Model Validation with index i
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4.6 Model Validation utilized model
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4.6 Model Validation Figure 4.7 dep
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4.6 Model Validation 340 K Ambient
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4.6 Model Validation Table 4.1: Val
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4.7 Scope and Limitations of Single
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4.7 Scope and Limitations of Single
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5 Results In total, it includes 99
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5 Results atmosphere of Figure 5.1
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5 Results 32 g kg −1 2400 K Emiss
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5 Results 4.0 g kg −1 Emission in
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5 Results uses constant spatial pos
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5 Results 16 g kg −1 Emission ind
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5 Results Maximum temperature Tmax
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5 Results Even though the parameter
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5 Results Flame stand-off ratio ζ
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5 Results 5.2.3 Comparison with Mic
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5 Results 0.50 5000 ppm Emission in
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5 Results Ψ = 0.1695 (t Ψ = 5 s):
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5 Results 6.0 g kg −1 Emission in
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5 Results combustion in exhaust gas
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5 Results Flame stand-off ratio ζ
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5 Results D 0 being varied between
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5 Results 0.40 g kg −1 Initial dr
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5 Results A twofold trend was obser
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5 Results 5.6 Recommendations and F
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6 Summary and Conclusions In times
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APPENDIX
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A Chemical Mechanisms The earliest
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Page 232 and 233: A Chemical Mechanisms the reactions
Page 234 and 235: B Investigated Conditions There are
Page 236 and 237: B Investigated Conditions Table B.1
Page 238 and 239: B Investigated Conditions high mech
Page 240 and 241: C Design Details of Experiment Equi
Page 250 and 251: D Raw Data of Microgravity Experime
Page 256 and 257: SUPERVISED THESES Student Sebastian
Page 259 and 260: References [1] J.A. Aardenne van, G
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