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Brand Relevance: Making Competitors Irrelevant - always yours

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Entrepreneurial Culture<br />

THE INNOVATIVE ORGANIZATION 335<br />

Success in selective opportunism requires an entrepreneurial culture<br />

and the willingness to respond quickly to opportunities as<br />

they emerge. The people should be entrepreneurial, sensitive to<br />

new opportunities and threats, and fast to react. The organization<br />

needs to be decentralized, with people empowered to experiment<br />

and invest behind emerging opportunities. The culture needs to<br />

support empowered managers, new ventures, and change. The<br />

strategy will be dynamic and change the norm. New offerings<br />

will be continuously explored or introduced, and others deemphasized<br />

or dropped. The fi rm will enter new markets, and disinvestment<br />

from existing ones will <strong>always</strong> be an option. The<br />

organization will be on the lookout for assets and competencies<br />

to leverage and new synergies to nurture.<br />

Both insight and action are needed, and people and the organization<br />

need to be empowered to deliver both. The insight has<br />

to be in place before events overwhelm and opportunities are<br />

lost. And action is part of the equation. Xerox, in its remarkable<br />

Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) created in 1970, developed<br />

the first personal computer, the graphical interface, the mouse, the<br />

flat - panel display, the Ethernet standard for local area networks,<br />

and the laser printer. They were not able to turn any of these<br />

innovations into products — an amazing and instructive story of<br />

inaction. The firm was paralyzed by a focus on its successful<br />

core business and its business model, and the PARC center, away<br />

from the organization ’ s East Coast center of gravity, was perceived<br />

to be a think tank and was unable to get the attention of<br />

the Xerox executives. The firm lacked most of the qualities of an<br />

opportunistic organization.<br />

External Orientation<br />

A selectively opportunistic organization needs to be externally<br />

oriented toward the market and surrounding environment<br />

rather than being internally oriented. The culture, people, and

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