Graham R (Ed.) - Anarchism - A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas Volume One - From Anarchy to Anarchism (300 CE to 1939)

Origins Of The Anarchist Movement /79
Art. 6.-The General Council is to establish relations with the various workers'
associations so that workers in each country may be continually informed regarding
the movements of their class in other countries; that an investigation may be
mounted simultaneously and in the same spirit into social conditions; that the issues
raised by one society which may be of general interest can be examined by all; and
that whenever a practical suggestion or international difficulty might require action
by the Association, the latter may act in a uniform fa shion. Whensoever it may deem
it necessary, the General Council will take the initiative in drafting suggestions to be
put to local or national societies.
Art. 7.-Since the success of the workers' movement in each country can only
be ensured through the strength that springs from union and association; and, on the
other hand, the usefulness of the General Council is dependent upon its relations
with workers' societies both national and local, members ofthe International Association
will have to make every effort, each of them in his home country, to marshal the
various existing workers' associations into one national association ...
Art. 9.-Each member of the International Association, should he move from
one country to another, shall receive fraternal support from Association members.
Article 1 D.-Although united by fraternal ties of solidarity and cooperation, the
workers' societies will nevertheless continue to exist in their own particular right.
20. Bakunin: Socialism and the State (1867)
Bakunin took an active part in the 1848 revolutions in Europe, first in France, then in Germany and
Austria. In the fall of 1848 he issued his "Appeal to the Slavs, " in which he advocated a general uprising
against the Austrian, Prussian and Russian empires. He was one of tIle leaders of tIle 1IIISUCCessfill
Dresden rebellion in May 1849. Arrested and sentenced to death, he was eventually extradited to
Russia, where he was kept in various Czarist dungeons and came close to death. In 1857 he was exiled
to Siberia, from where he made a spectacular escape, via japan and North America. arriving
back in Europe in December 1861. By the mid- 1860's, Bakunin had beglln to clarifY his own political
ideas, ultimately adopting an anarchist stance, and 11elping to fo und the international anarchist
movement. As Kropotkin noted in Modem Science and Anarchism (reprinted in Evolution and
Environment, Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1995. ed. G. Woodcock), "Bakunin established in a series
of poweljill pamphlets and letters the leading principles of modem Anarchism " (page 76). The
fo llowing selections are takenfrom his 1867 essay, Federalism, Socialism and Anti-Theologism,
based on a speech Bakunin delivered to the Geneva Congress of the League for Peace and Freedom,
reprinted from Sam Dolgoffs Bakunin on Anarchism.