PERÚ - Observatory for Renewable Energy in Latin America and

Perú- Products I and II
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The present report shows and analizes renewable energy technologies and the most
relevant practices of electrical generation in Peru. The National Electricity Market is
described along with barriers that have limited the investment in Hydroelectric Power
Stations and other renewable energies. The legal and regulatory framework of
electricity is presented and the results of its application, as well as the information
about renewable energy projects and the experience of its implementation are analyzed.
Peru has over 30 million of inhabitants (INEI, 2011), a vast range of natural resources
and a great power potential. It has held its macroeconomic stability for several years
and its economy is in constant growth. The GDP during the 2000-2005 period has
grown at an average annual rate of 4.1 %, and during the five-year period of 2006-
2010, this rate was of 7.2 % with peaks of 7.7 % in 2006, 8.9 % in 2007, 9.8 % in 2008
and 8.9 % in 2010 (MINTRA, 2011). In order to achieve this growth rate, it is vital to
have an adequate power supply especially of electricity.
The total energy demand in 2009 was of 605 094 TJ, of which the 38 % corresponds to
transportation, 29 % to commercial, residential and public sectors, 27 % to industry,
mining, agricultural, agribusiness and fishing sectors and 3 % represents the non
energetic consumption. On the other hand, this energy demand was supplied with oil
by-products (58.5 %), natural gas (12 %), renewable energy (25.2 %) and coal (4 %)
(MEM, 2009a). The evolution of the energy consumption pattern by products in the
period 1990 – 2009, confirms the preponderance of fossil sources and it is visualized
the increasement of natural gas participation as an energy source since the year 2004,
when the “Camisea Gas” project got into commercial transaction. It can be said that the
Peruvian Energy Matrix has a previous and an after Camisea, especially for electricity,
transportation, industrial and residential sectors.
In the case of electricity generation, the contribution of natural gas increased from 5.9
% in 2003 to 35.4 % in 2010. (MEM, 2011i).
The total demand of electricity during 2010 was of 35 736 GWh, of which 7 %
corresponds to Isolated Systems and the other 93 %, to the National Interconnected
Electrical System (SEIN). (MEM, 2011i). The power demand in the SEIN during that
year was covered in 58 % by hydroelectricity, in 35.4 % by natural gas, in 3.3 %, by
coal, in 2.7 % by diesel and residual oil and in 0.2 % by bagasse biomass.
Hydroelectricity has reduced its participation in the demand coverage because the
increasements of the investment in hydroelectric projects and in the power demand
have not gone at the same rhythm. That is the reason why its contribution in power
generation decreased from 87.4 % in the year 2000 to 56 % in 2010. (MEM, 2011i).
The energy consumption has the second place of the total carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
emissions of the country. Up to 2009, carbon dioxide emissions (CO 2 ) from the
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