PERÚ - Observatory for Renewable Energy in Latin America and

Perú- Products I and II
In order to surpass these barriers it has been established a legal framework for
renewable energies which provides economic incentives for the development of
projects based on these technologies, like the awarding trough public auctions of
energy supply contracts for 20 years with firm price equal to bids, as well as tax
incentives like the early return from the general tax to sales (IGV), accelerated
depreciation of assets for the payment of the income tax, and zero tariff on
imports of capital goods.
The auction mechanism established in that legal framework has proven to be an
efficacious instrument to promote the investment in electricity generation based
on RER, and at the same time, enables obtaining efficient results based on the
competition of RER investors. An example of it is that up to this date, there have
been awarded 1 971.5 GWh / year, of which 1 084.3 GWh (55 %) correspond to
Small Hydroelectric Power Stations, 571 GWh (29 %) to Wind Farms, 172,9
GWh (8,8 %) to Solar Photovoltaic Power Stations and 143,3 GWh (7,3 %) to
main stations that use biomass (OSINERGMIN, 2011). It is true that the injection
of that energy (generated with RER) to the SEIN will have an impact increasing
the generation price in 2,6 % and in 1,3 % at the level of end users in the period
2011 – 2013 13 (See Chart Nº 18 of the numeral 1,4,5.); however, this impact will
be compensated with the positive effect to have a greater supply in the SEIN, the
GHG emissions will decrease and it will be improved the technical capacity for
the management of this technologies in the country. In the near future it is
expected that prices for electricity generation with renewable energies will be
reduced due to the decrease on investment costs of such technologies.
Geothermal energy is a RER that has not been taken advantage for electricity
generation. This type of technology has not taken part in the auction because the
identified projects can not yet compete with the other technologies due to the lack
of basic studies. Furthermore, there have not been executed drillings that increase
the knowledge of geothermic reservoirs characteristics that enable determining
the feasibility of this kind of projects and reducing the risks of their
implementation. In order to surpass this situation, the MEM during the first
semester of 2011 has granted 13 authorizations for the realization of explorations
and studies of that resource with the intention of electricity generation in fields
located in the departments of: Arequipa, Ancash, Ayacucho, Moquegua, Puno and
Tacna (MEM, 2011e). It should be standed out that geothermal energy allows
guaranteeing greater continuity in the electricity generation (high in-house factor)
and this option can play an important role among renewable energies in the SEIN.
In the country there are required bigger efforts to reduce CO 2 emissions, which
have risen steadily in recent years due to the increment of the consumption of
liquid hydrocarbons by the industrial sector (23 % of total emissions) and in
greater scale of the transportation (59 % of total emissions), that she is plaintiff of
diesel and gasolines. This situation should change in the future with the use of
compressed natural gas and the electrification of public transportation. In the
other hand, CO 2 emissions from the generation of electric power have increased
13 Source: General Directorate of Electricity, MEM.
108