integration of solid oxide fuel cells and ... - Ea Energianalyse

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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3.3 Pumping factor The pumping factor is defined as the mass flow ratio of the weak solution and the refrigerant[18]: PF = ṁ55 ṁ 51 (4.3) For the standard configuration PF = 12,75. This number should not be too high since it increases the amount of LiBr solution circulated per kW of cooling which increases desorber heating, absorber cooling and pump power. 88
4.4 Absorption Double Stage 4.4. Absorption Double Stage The double stage absorption cycle is similar to the single stage cycle described in previous section. Thus only the additional components and changes of parameters will be described in this section. All state points refers to figure 4.4. 20 WGHEX 1 43 COND2 71 33 34 21 70 79 42 DES2 41 78 72 80 81 SHEX 2 77 76 52 35 COND1 36 51 PUMP VA2 VB2 2 82 73 75 1-α 32 31 MIXR α SPL 1 50 1 58 MIXL 1 59 82 60 61 DES1 SHEX 1 57 56 57 VA1 VB1 PUMP 1 53 49 EVAP 48 54 62 36 ABSO 37 55 Chilled Water Figure 4.4: Diagram of double stage absorption subsystem (zoom of full diagram in appendix G page 293). It is similar to the single stage cycle with addition of an extra condenser (COND2), desorber (DES2), two mixers (MIXR and MIXL), a pump, a splitter (SPL) and two valves (VA2 and VB2). The exhaust gas is sent through WGHEX1 (point 20 and point 21). As for the single stage cycle, WGHEX1 and DES2 are modeled as two components (but considered as one) which means that ∆T min,DES2,r,o = 0. 89
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INTEGRATION OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CEL
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Abstract It is investigated whether
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Preface This report is documentatio
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS 4.2.3 SOFC stack . . . . .
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CONTENTS A.4 DG appendix . . . . .
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LIST OF FIGURES 4.3 Diagram of sing
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NOMENCLATURE Acronyms Acronym ABS A
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Greek (and other) Symbols Greek (an
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Subscripts Subscripts Subscript 2P
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1. INTRODUCTION Chapter 4, System d
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1. INTRODUCTION the electricity and
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.4 SOFC The fuel c
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5 Heat driven coo
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1. INTRODUCTION Cycle description.
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1. INTRODUCTION Ammonia-water The C
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5.3 Platen Munter
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1. INTRODUCTION Open loop In an ope
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.7 Problem stateme
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION appendix A.
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.2.2 Ship
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Pay Back Ti
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.3.2 Micro
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Sensitivity
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION • ECH pri
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.3 Resul
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 16000 14000
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Annuity pri
Page 64 and 65: 2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.4 Concl
Page 67 and 68: C H A P T E R 3 COMPONENT DESCRIPTI
Page 69 and 70: 3.1. Introduction The seven stream
Page 71 and 72: 3.2. Absorber - ABSO 3.2 Absorber -
Page 73 and 74: 3.2. Absorber - ABSO implicitly thr
Page 75 and 76: 3.4. Burner - BURN 3.4 Burner - BUR
Page 77 and 78: 3.5. Condenser - COND T [° C ] ΔT
Page 79 and 80: 3.6. Desorber - DES 3.6 Desorber -
Page 81 and 82: 3.7. Evaporator - EVAP 3.7 Evaporat
Page 83 and 84: 3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX 3.8 Heat
Page 85 and 86: 3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX The press
Page 87 and 88: 3.10. Pre Reformer - PR 3.10 Pre Re
Page 89 and 90: 3.11. Pump - PUMP 3.11 Pump - PUMP
Page 91 and 92: 3.12. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - SOFC
Page 97 and 98: 3.14 Cooling Tower - TOWER 3.14. Co
Page 99 and 100: 3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER tower d
Page 101 and 102: 3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER The air
Page 103: 3.15. Expansion valve - VA/VB possi
Page 106 and 107: 4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 8 SPG 10 20 1
Page 108 and 109: 4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Pre reformer
Page 110 and 111: 4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION which increas
Page 112 and 113: 4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3 Absorptio
Page 116 and 117: 4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The temperatu
Page 118 and 119: 4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.5 Absorptio
Page 120 and 121: 4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.6 Cooling T
Page 122 and 123: 4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (below 100
Page 124 and 125: 4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION as: Ẇ AC =
Page 126 and 127: 4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.8 Verificat
Page 128 and 129: 4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION SOFC net effi
Page 131 and 132: C H A P T E R 5 SIMULATION AND RESU
Page 133 and 134: 5.1. Basic absorption cooling Figur
Page 135 and 136: 5.1. Basic absorption cooling geous
Page 137 and 138: 5.1.3 Changing evaporator temperatu
Page 139 and 140: 5.1. Basic absorption cooling as de
Page 141 and 142: 5.2. System configurations Red repr
Page 143 and 144: 5.2. System configurations Dual Hea
Page 145 and 146: 5.2. System configurations in a hot
Page 147 and 148: 5.3. Partial optimization of standa
Page 155 and 156: Anode recycling (α SPG1 ) 5.3. Par
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5.3. Partial optimization of standa
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5.3. Partial optimization of standa
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis ηsys,el,
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis the press
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis 1. The x-
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5.5 Total optimization of system 5.
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5.5. Total optimization of system i
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5.5. Total optimization of system e
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C H A P T E R 6 CASES AND ECONOMICS
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6.2. High humidity climate BBC Home
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6.2. High humidity climate Figure 6
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6.3. Low humidity climate Figure 6.
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6.4. Economics 6.4 Economics When t
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C H A P T E R 7 DISCUSSION In this
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7.1.1 Accuracy and sensitivity 7.1.
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7.2. Economical considerations Furt
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7.2.3 Distributed Generation (DG) D
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7.2. Economical considerations to 6
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7.2. Economical considerations As m
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C H A P T E R 8 CONCLUSION System c
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For the APU segment a SOFC-ABS syst
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C H A P T E R 9 FURTHER WORK Some i
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Acfshop.dk: http:/
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Bibliography [24] Nordea invest: ht
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Appendices 187
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A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.1 Market
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A. MARKET INVESTIGATION No cost for
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Absorpton unit (free waste heat) Pr
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A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.3 CHP app
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Absorption Refrigerator RGE 400 fro
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Sensitivity analysis The effect on
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A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.4 DG appe
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From the "CHP in the Hotel and Casi
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Hotel with 230 rooms and 18000 m^2
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SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
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16000 Pay Back Time: Entire System
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SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
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Hot climate SOFC + ABS + HW vs pure
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Assumptions SOFC price = 2650kr/kW
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Hot climate Increase (Delta NPV_10)
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Prices of absorption cooling units
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1'000'000 900'000 800'000 143'600 7
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A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.6 Gas and
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Retail electricity prices Exchange
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B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.1 GAX diagr
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B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.3 Closed ad
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B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.4.2 p-T dia
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C. EES Efficiencies SOFC η inver t
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C. EES ∆ p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 [kPa
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C. EES ˙Q loss;Bur n = 0 [kW ] ˙Q
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C. EES SOFC ∆ T ;SOFC ;av = 30 [C
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C. EES C.2 Results - Standard param
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C. EES 244 DES2 h;o = 42 DES2 i = 7
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C. EES SOFC ano;i = 5 SOFC ano;o =
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C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
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C. EES C.3 Results - Optimized para
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C. EES ∆ T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 1
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C. EES ˙Q tr ans;W GHE X 3 = 2,752
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C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
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C. EES C.4 Results - Uncertainty pr
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C. EES ∆T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 15
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C. EES ∆p;TOW ER1;air ;dr y = 0,1
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C. EES ∆p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 ±
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C. EES C.4.4 ∆p for absorption su
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C. EES C.4.5 ˙Qloss for absorption
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A P P E N D I X D OTHER D.1 Explana
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D.3. Water consumption Hence it is
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A P P E N D I X E OPTIMIZATION GRAP
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E.1. Simulations and Results E.1.2
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E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
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E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
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E.2. Cases E.2 Cases E.2.1 Extreme
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SEG Scandinavian Energy Group Aps.
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8 SPG 1 10 1-α GGHEX1 9 α 7 GGHEX
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1 8 GGHEX1 CH4, in Air, in 21 2 11
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