integration of solid oxide fuel cells and ... - Ea Energianalyse

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C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i w i ∆˙ [ ] [ ] H i [C ] [kPa] kg /s [-] k J/kg [-] [kW ] 35 21,81 2000 3,806 36 23,31 2000 3,806 37 26,71 2000 3,806 113,7 38 30 2000 0,04812 127,5 39 21,81 2000 3,806 93,29 40 41 155 2000 1,496 42 150 2000 1,496 633,3 43 155 2000 1,496 654,8 45 30 100 5,88 57,67 46 30,32 100,2 5,88 47 23,71 100 5,928 71,7 48 11 2000 2,179 49 6 2000 2,179 50 78,2 4,708 0,008368 100 2646 0 51 31,81 4,708 0,01923 0,5107 1372 0 52 31,81 4,708 0,01923 0 133,3 0 53 1 0,6571 0,01923 0,05167 133,3 0 54 1 0,6571 0,01923 1 2502 0 55 31,71 0,6571 0,226 0 81,37 0,5595 56 31,71 4,708 0,226 -100 81,37 0,5595 57 62,09 4,708 0,226 -100 141,5 0,5595 58 62,09 4,708 0,09835 -100 141,5 0,5595 59 78,2 4,708 0,08998 0 196,7 0,6115 60 71,07 4,708 0,2068 -100 183,1 0,6115 61 36,71 4,708 0,2068 -100 117,4 0,6115 62 35,91 0,6571 0,2068 -100 117,4 0,6115 70 150 79,15 0,01086 100 2778 0 71 150 79,15 0,01086 100 2778 0 72 93,2 79,15 0,01086 0 390,4 0 73 31,81 4,708 0,01086 0,106 390,4 0 75 62,09 4,708 0,1277 -100 141,5 0,5595 76 62,13 79,15 0,1277 -100 141,6 0,5595 77 136,1 79,15 0,1277 -100 292,2 0,5595 78 136,1 79,15 0,1277 -100 292,2 0,5595 79 150 79,15 0,1168 0 337,3 0,6115 80 150 79,15 0,1168 0 337,3 0,6115 81 67,13 79,15 0,1168 -100 172,6 0,6115 82 65,58 4,708 0,1168 -100 172,6 0,6115 248
C.2. Results - St<strong>and</strong>ard parameter configuration Point y i ;1 y i ;2 y i ;3 y i ;4 y i ;5 y i ;6 y i ;7 [-] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-] 0 1 1,000 -0,000 -0,000 -0,000 0,000 0,000 -0,000 2 1,000 -0,000 -0,000 -0,000 0,000 0,000 -0,000 3 0,170 0,048 0,229 0,107 0,447 0,000 -0,000 4 0,139 0,027 0,259 0,211 0,363 0,000 -0,000 5 0,139 0,027 0,259 0,211 0,363 0,000 -0,000 6 -0,000 0,058 0,275 0,129 0,538 -0,000 0,000 7 -0,000 0,058 0,275 0,129 0,538 -0,000 0,000 8 -0,000 0,058 0,275 0,129 0,538 -0,000 0,000 9 0,000 0,058 0,275 0,129 0,538 0,000 -0,000 10 0,000 0,058 0,275 0,129 0,538 -0,000 -0,000 11 -0,000 0,000 -0,000 0,000 0,000 0,790 0,210 12 -0,000 0,000 -0,000 0,000 0,000 0,790 0,210 13 -0,000 0,000 -0,000 0,000 0,000 0,790 0,210 14 -0,000 0,000 -0,000 0,000 0,000 0,790 0,210 15 -0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 -0,000 0,817 0,183 16 -0,000 -0,000 0,000 -0,000 0,000 0,817 0,183 17 0,000 0,000 -0,000 0,000 -0,000 0,817 0,183 18 0,000 -0,000 0,199 0,000 0,398 0,374 0,028 19 0,000 0,000 0,019 0,000 0,038 0,775 0,168 20 0,000 0,000 0,019 0,000 0,038 0,775 0,168 21 0,000 0,000 0,019 0,000 0,038 0,775 0,168 22 0,000 0,000 0,019 0,000 0,038 0,775 0,168 23 0,000 0,000 0,019 0,000 0,038 0,775 0,168 24 0,000 0,000 0,019 0,000 0,038 0,775 0,168 249
Page 1:
INTEGRATION OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CEL
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Abstract It is investigated whether
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Preface This report is documentatio
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS 4.2.3 SOFC stack . . . . .
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CONTENTS A.4 DG appendix . . . . .
Page 18 and 19:
LIST OF FIGURES 4.3 Diagram of sing
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NOMENCLATURE Acronyms Acronym ABS A
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Greek (and other) Symbols Greek (an
Page 25:
Subscripts Subscripts Subscript 2P
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1. INTRODUCTION Chapter 4, System d
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1. INTRODUCTION the electricity and
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.4 SOFC The fuel c
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5 Heat driven coo
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1. INTRODUCTION Cycle description.
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1. INTRODUCTION Ammonia-water The C
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5.3 Platen Munter
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1. INTRODUCTION Open loop In an ope
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.7 Problem stateme
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION appendix A.
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.2.2 Ship
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Pay Back Ti
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.3.2 Micro
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Sensitivity
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION • ECH pri
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.3 Resul
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 16000 14000
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Annuity pri
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.4 Concl
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C H A P T E R 3 COMPONENT DESCRIPTI
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3.1. Introduction The seven stream
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3.2. Absorber - ABSO 3.2 Absorber -
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3.2. Absorber - ABSO implicitly thr
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3.4. Burner - BURN 3.4 Burner - BUR
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3.5. Condenser - COND T [° C ] ΔT
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3.6. Desorber - DES 3.6 Desorber -
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3.7. Evaporator - EVAP 3.7 Evaporat
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3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX 3.8 Heat
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3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX The press
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3.10. Pre Reformer - PR 3.10 Pre Re
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3.11. Pump - PUMP 3.11 Pump - PUMP
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3.12. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - SOFC
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Page 95 and 96:
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3.14 Cooling Tower - TOWER 3.14. Co
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3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER tower d
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3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER The air
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3.15. Expansion valve - VA/VB possi
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 8 SPG 10 20 1
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Pre reformer
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION which increas
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3 Absorptio
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3.3 Pumping
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The temperatu
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.5 Absorptio
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.6 Cooling T
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (below 100
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION as: Ẇ AC =
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.8 Verificat
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION SOFC net effi
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C H A P T E R 5 SIMULATION AND RESU
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling Figur
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling geous
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5.1.3 Changing evaporator temperatu
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling as de
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5.2. System configurations Red repr
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5.2. System configurations Dual Hea
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5.2. System configurations in a hot
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5.3. Partial optimization of standa
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Anode recycling (α SPG1 ) 5.3. Par
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis ηsys,el,
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis the press
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis 1. The x-
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5.5 Total optimization of system 5.
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5.5. Total optimization of system i
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5.5. Total optimization of system e
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C H A P T E R 6 CASES AND ECONOMICS
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6.2. High humidity climate BBC Home
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6.2. High humidity climate Figure 6
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6.3. Low humidity climate Figure 6.
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6.4. Economics 6.4 Economics When t
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C H A P T E R 7 DISCUSSION In this
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7.1.1 Accuracy and sensitivity 7.1.
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7.2. Economical considerations Furt
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7.2.3 Distributed Generation (DG) D
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7.2. Economical considerations to 6
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7.2. Economical considerations As m
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C H A P T E R 8 CONCLUSION System c
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For the APU segment a SOFC-ABS syst
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C H A P T E R 9 FURTHER WORK Some i
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Acfshop.dk: http:/
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Bibliography [24] Nordea invest: ht
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Appendices 187
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A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.1 Market
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A. MARKET INVESTIGATION No cost for
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Absorpton unit (free waste heat) Pr
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A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.3 CHP app
Page 224 and 225: Absorption Refrigerator RGE 400 fro
Page 226 and 227: Sensitivity analysis The effect on
Page 228 and 229: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.4 DG appe
Page 230 and 231: From the "CHP in the Hotel and Casi
Page 232 and 233: Hotel with 230 rooms and 18000 m^2
Page 234 and 235: SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
Page 236 and 237: 16000 Pay Back Time: Entire System
Page 238 and 239: SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
Page 240 and 241: Hot climate SOFC + ABS + HW vs pure
Page 242 and 243: Assumptions SOFC price = 2650kr/kW
Page 244 and 245: Hot climate Increase (Delta NPV_10)
Page 246 and 247: Prices of absorption cooling units
Page 248 and 249: 1'000'000 900'000 800'000 143'600 7
Page 250 and 251: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.6 Gas and
Page 252 and 253: Retail electricity prices Exchange
Page 254 and 255: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.1 GAX diagr
Page 256 and 257: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.3 Closed ad
Page 258 and 259: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.4.2 p-T dia
Page 260 and 261: C. EES Efficiencies SOFC η inver t
Page 262 and 263: C. EES ∆ p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 [kPa
Page 264 and 265: C. EES ˙Q loss;Bur n = 0 [kW ] ˙Q
Page 266 and 267: C. EES SOFC ∆ T ;SOFC ;av = 30 [C
Page 268 and 269: C. EES C.2 Results - Standard param
Page 270 and 271: C. EES 244 DES2 h;o = 42 DES2 i = 7
Page 272 and 273: C. EES SOFC ano;i = 5 SOFC ano;o =
Page 276 and 277: C. EES C.3 Results - Optimized para
Page 278 and 279: C. EES ∆ T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 1
Page 280 and 281: C. EES ˙Q tr ans;W GHE X 3 = 2,752
Page 282 and 283: C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
Page 284 and 285: C. EES C.4 Results - Uncertainty pr
Page 286 and 287: C. EES ∆T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 15
Page 288 and 289: C. EES ∆p;TOW ER1;air ;dr y = 0,1
Page 290 and 291: C. EES ∆p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 ±
Page 292 and 293: C. EES C.4.4 ∆p for absorption su
Page 294 and 295: C. EES C.4.5 ˙Qloss for absorption
Page 297 and 298: A P P E N D I X D OTHER D.1 Explana
Page 299 and 300: D.3. Water consumption Hence it is
Page 301 and 302: A P P E N D I X E OPTIMIZATION GRAP
Page 303 and 304: E.1. Simulations and Results E.1.2
Page 305 and 306: E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
Page 307 and 308: E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
Page 309: E.2. Cases E.2 Cases E.2.1 Extreme
Page 312 and 313: SEG Scandinavian Energy Group Aps.
Page 320 and 321: 8 SPG 1 10 1-α GGHEX1 9 α 7 GGHEX
Page 322: 1 8 GGHEX1 CH4, in Air, in 21 2 11
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