integration of solid oxide fuel cells and ... - Ea Energianalyse

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C. EES ∆p;TOW ER1;air ;dr y = 0,15 ± 0,075[kPa] ∂ηsys;el ;net /∂∆p;TOW ER1;air ;dr y = 0,000009298 0,00 % ∆p;TOW ER1;air ;wet = 0,15 ± 0,075[kPa] ∂ηsys;el ;net /∂∆p;TOW ER1;air ;wet = −0,1327 0,60 % ∆T ;SOFC ;av = 30 ± 15[C ] ∂ηsys;el;net /∂∆T ;SOFC ;av = 0,0004208 0,24 % ηblower ;TOW ER1 = 0,4 ± 0,2[-] ∂ηsys;el;net /∂ηblower ;TOW ER1 = 0,05002 0,60 % ηi s;BLOW 1 = 0,6 ± 0,3[-] ∂ηsys;el;net /∂ηi s;BLOW 1 = 0,09133 4,52 % ηwb;TOW ER1 = 0,75 ± 0,375[-] ∂ηsys;el;net /∂ηwb;TOW ER1 = −0,05275 2,36 % F R = 0,14 ± 0,07[-] ∂ηsys;el;net /∂F R = −0,06511 0,13 % FW = 0,6 ± 0,3[-] ∂ηsys;el;net /∂FW = 0,004777 0,01 % id = 3000 ± 1500 [ A/m 2] ∂ηsys;el;net /∂id = −0,0000581 45,77 % 262
C.4. Results - Uncertainty propagation (STD) C.4.3 ∆p for SOFC subsystem Variable+Uncertainty Partial Derivative % <strong>of</strong> Uncertainty COP ABS;f uel = 0,4556 ± 0,000321[-] ∆p;BURN ;i ;1 = −8 ± −8[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;BURN ;i ;1 = −0,0000252 39,45 % ∆p;BURN ;i ;2 = −1 ± −1[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;BURN ;i ;2 = −0,0001575 24,06 % ∆p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 ± −1[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;GGHE X 1;c = −0,0001223 14,52 % ∆p;GGHE X 1;h = −1 ± −1[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;GGHE X 1;h = −0,00009441 8,65 % ∆p;GGHE X 2;c = −1 ± −1[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;GGHE X 2;c = −0,0000729 5,16 % ∆p;GGHE X 2;h = −1 ± −1[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;GGHE X 2;h = −0,00005776 3,24 % ∆p;GGHE X 3;c = −4 ± −4[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;GGHE X 3;c = −0,00001097 1,87 % ∆p;GGHE X 3;h = −4 ± −4[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;GGHE X 3;h = −0,000008776 1,20 % ∆p;GGHE X 4;c = −2 ± −2[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;GGHE X 4;c = −0,000014 0,76 % ∆p;GGHE X 4;h = −2 ± −2[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;GGHE X 4;h = −0,00001118 0,48 % ∆p;M I XG1;i ;1 = −0,1 ± −0,1[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;M I XG1;i ;1 = −0,0001554 0,23 % ∆p;M I XG2;i ;1 = −0,1 ± −0,1[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;M I XG2;i ;1 = −0,0001227 0,15 % ∆p;PR = −5 ± −5[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;PR = −0,000002214 0,12 % ∆p;SPG1;o;1 = −0,1 ± −0,1[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;SPG1;o;1 = −0,00007397 0,05 % ∆p;SPG1;o;2 = −0,1 ± −0,1[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;SPG1;o;2 = −0,0000502 0,02 % ∆p;SPG2;o;1 = −0,1 ± −0,1[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;SPG2;o;1 = −0,00003108 0,01 % ∆p;SPG2;o;2 = −0,1 ± −0,1[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;SPG2;o;2 = −0,00004615 0,02 % ∆p;W GHE X 1;g = −2 ± −2[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;W GHE X 1;g = −0,000001465 0,01 % ∆p;W GHE X 2;g = −2 ± −2[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;W GHE X 2;g = −3,646E − 07 0,00 % ∆p;W GHE X 3;g = −2 ± −2[kPa] ∂COP ABS;f uel /∂∆p;W GHE X 3;g = −7,671E − 07 0,00 % ηHW = 0,07184 ± 0,01676[-] ∆p;BURN ;i ;1 = −8 ± −8[kPa] ∂ηHW /∂∆p;BURN ;i ;1 = −1,782E − 10 0,00 % ∆p;BURN ;i ;2 = −1 ± −1[kPa] ∂ηHW /∂∆p;BURN ;i ;2 = −0,002301 1,89 % 263
Page 1:
INTEGRATION OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CEL
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Abstract It is investigated whether
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Preface This report is documentatio
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS 4.2.3 SOFC stack . . . . .
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CONTENTS A.4 DG appendix . . . . .
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LIST OF FIGURES 4.3 Diagram of sing
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NOMENCLATURE Acronyms Acronym ABS A
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Greek (and other) Symbols Greek (an
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Subscripts Subscripts Subscript 2P
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1. INTRODUCTION Chapter 4, System d
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1. INTRODUCTION the electricity and
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.4 SOFC The fuel c
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5 Heat driven coo
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1. INTRODUCTION Cycle description.
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1. INTRODUCTION Ammonia-water The C
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5.3 Platen Munter
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1. INTRODUCTION Open loop In an ope
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.7 Problem stateme
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION appendix A.
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.2.2 Ship
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Pay Back Ti
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.3.2 Micro
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Sensitivity
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION • ECH pri
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.3 Resul
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 16000 14000
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Annuity pri
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.4 Concl
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C H A P T E R 3 COMPONENT DESCRIPTI
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3.1. Introduction The seven stream
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3.2. Absorber - ABSO 3.2 Absorber -
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3.2. Absorber - ABSO implicitly thr
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3.4. Burner - BURN 3.4 Burner - BUR
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3.5. Condenser - COND T [° C ] ΔT
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3.6. Desorber - DES 3.6 Desorber -
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3.7. Evaporator - EVAP 3.7 Evaporat
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3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX 3.8 Heat
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3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX The press
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3.10. Pre Reformer - PR 3.10 Pre Re
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3.11. Pump - PUMP 3.11 Pump - PUMP
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3.12. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - SOFC
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Page 95 and 96:
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3.14 Cooling Tower - TOWER 3.14. Co
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3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER tower d
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3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER The air
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3.15. Expansion valve - VA/VB possi
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 8 SPG 10 20 1
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Pre reformer
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION which increas
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3 Absorptio
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3.3 Pumping
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The temperatu
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.5 Absorptio
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.6 Cooling T
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (below 100
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION as: Ẇ AC =
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.8 Verificat
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION SOFC net effi
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C H A P T E R 5 SIMULATION AND RESU
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling Figur
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling geous
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5.1.3 Changing evaporator temperatu
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling as de
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5.2. System configurations Red repr
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5.2. System configurations Dual Hea
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5.2. System configurations in a hot
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5.3. Partial optimization of standa
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Anode recycling (α SPG1 ) 5.3. Par
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis ηsys,el,
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis the press
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis 1. The x-
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5.5 Total optimization of system 5.
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5.5. Total optimization of system i
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5.5. Total optimization of system e
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C H A P T E R 6 CASES AND ECONOMICS
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6.2. High humidity climate BBC Home
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6.2. High humidity climate Figure 6
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6.3. Low humidity climate Figure 6.
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6.4. Economics 6.4 Economics When t
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C H A P T E R 7 DISCUSSION In this
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7.1.1 Accuracy and sensitivity 7.1.
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7.2. Economical considerations Furt
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7.2.3 Distributed Generation (DG) D
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7.2. Economical considerations to 6
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7.2. Economical considerations As m
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C H A P T E R 8 CONCLUSION System c
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For the APU segment a SOFC-ABS syst
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C H A P T E R 9 FURTHER WORK Some i
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Acfshop.dk: http:/
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Bibliography [24] Nordea invest: ht
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Appendices 187
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A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.1 Market
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A. MARKET INVESTIGATION No cost for
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Absorpton unit (free waste heat) Pr
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A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.3 CHP app
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Absorption Refrigerator RGE 400 fro
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Sensitivity analysis The effect on
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A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.4 DG appe
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From the "CHP in the Hotel and Casi
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Hotel with 230 rooms and 18000 m^2
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SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
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16000 Pay Back Time: Entire System
Page 238 and 239: SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
Page 240 and 241: Hot climate SOFC + ABS + HW vs pure
Page 242 and 243: Assumptions SOFC price = 2650kr/kW
Page 244 and 245: Hot climate Increase (Delta NPV_10)
Page 246 and 247: Prices of absorption cooling units
Page 248 and 249: 1'000'000 900'000 800'000 143'600 7
Page 250 and 251: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.6 Gas and
Page 252 and 253: Retail electricity prices Exchange
Page 254 and 255: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.1 GAX diagr
Page 256 and 257: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.3 Closed ad
Page 258 and 259: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.4.2 p-T dia
Page 260 and 261: C. EES Efficiencies SOFC η inver t
Page 262 and 263: C. EES ∆ p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 [kPa
Page 264 and 265: C. EES ˙Q loss;Bur n = 0 [kW ] ˙Q
Page 266 and 267: C. EES SOFC ∆ T ;SOFC ;av = 30 [C
Page 268 and 269: C. EES C.2 Results - Standard param
Page 270 and 271: C. EES 244 DES2 h;o = 42 DES2 i = 7
Page 272 and 273: C. EES SOFC ano;i = 5 SOFC ano;o =
Page 274 and 275: C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
Page 276 and 277: C. EES C.3 Results - Optimized para
Page 278 and 279: C. EES ∆ T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 1
Page 280 and 281: C. EES ˙Q tr ans;W GHE X 3 = 2,752
Page 282 and 283: C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
Page 284 and 285: C. EES C.4 Results - Uncertainty pr
Page 286 and 287: C. EES ∆T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 15
Page 290 and 291: C. EES ∆p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 ±
Page 292 and 293: C. EES C.4.4 ∆p for absorption su
Page 294 and 295: C. EES C.4.5 ˙Qloss for absorption
Page 297 and 298: A P P E N D I X D OTHER D.1 Explana
Page 299 and 300: D.3. Water consumption Hence it is
Page 301 and 302: A P P E N D I X E OPTIMIZATION GRAP
Page 303 and 304: E.1. Simulations and Results E.1.2
Page 305 and 306: E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
Page 307 and 308: E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
Page 309: E.2. Cases E.2 Cases E.2.1 Extreme
Page 312 and 313: SEG Scandinavian Energy Group Aps.
Page 320 and 321: 8 SPG 1 10 1-α GGHEX1 9 α 7 GGHEX
Page 322: 1 8 GGHEX1 CH4, in Air, in 21 2 11
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