integration of solid oxide fuel cells and ... - Ea Energianalyse

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A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.3 CHP appendix A.3.1 Assumptions • All prices are incl VAT since it is seen from the consumer viewpoint, and electricity etc. is incl VAT. • Electrical refrigerator (Bosch energy class A++) price = 3.999DKK Footnote[Bosch KGV 36X27 225l refrigeration and 91liter freezer]. • Absorption refrigerator (RGE 400 from Åbybro camping og fritid 224L + 76L) price = 11.000DKK. • Electrical refrigerator electricity consumption = 208kWh/y. • Absorption refrigerator electricity consumption = 0kWh/y. • Electricity price 2 DKK/kWh (Danish prices). • No service needed on either refrigerator. • No price for a HEX between the SOFC exhaust gas and the refrigerator has been included, so in reality this might add an extra cost for the absorption refrigerator. • Discount factor 5% per year. 196
Refrigerators for private end users (incl VAT) Discount rate Annually el. cons. El. price 5,00% 208,00 kWh 2,00 DKK/kWh (incl. VAT) Electrical Refrigerator (A++) Bosch KGV 36X27 225l refritiation and 91liter freezer year Purchase Electricity Net payment NPV_i NPV tot Annuity 0 3'999 3'999 3'999 3'999 1 416 416 396 4'395 4615 2 416 416 377 4'773 2567 3 416 416 359 5'132 1884 4 416 416 342 5'474 1544 5 416 416 326 5'800 1340 6 416 416 310 6'110 1204 7 416 416 296 6'406 1107 8 416 416 282 6'688 1035 9 416 416 268 6'956 979 10 416 416 255 7'211 934 11 416 416 243 7'454 897 12 416 416 232 7'686 867 13 416 416 221 7'907 842 14 416 416 210 8'117 820 15 416 416 200 8'317 801 16 416 416 191 8'508 785 17 416 416 181 8'689 771 18 416 416 173 8'862 758 19 416 416 165 9'026 747 20 416 416 157 9'183 737 21 416 416 149 9'333 728 22 416 416 142 9'475 720 23 416 416 135 9'610 712 24 416 416 129 9'739 706 25 416 416 123 9'862 700 26 416 416 117 9'979 694 27 416 416 111 10'091 689 28 416 416 106 10'197 684 29 416 416 101 10'298 680 30 416 416 96 10'394 676 10'975 197
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INTEGRATION OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CEL
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Abstract It is investigated whether
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Preface This report is documentatio
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS 4.2.3 SOFC stack . . . . .
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CONTENTS A.4 DG appendix . . . . .
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LIST OF FIGURES 4.3 Diagram of sing
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NOMENCLATURE Acronyms Acronym ABS A
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Greek (and other) Symbols Greek (an
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Subscripts Subscripts Subscript 2P
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1. INTRODUCTION Chapter 4, System d
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1. INTRODUCTION the electricity and
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.4 SOFC The fuel c
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5 Heat driven coo
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1. INTRODUCTION Cycle description.
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1. INTRODUCTION Ammonia-water The C
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5.3 Platen Munter
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1. INTRODUCTION Open loop In an ope
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.7 Problem stateme
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION appendix A.
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.2.2 Ship
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Pay Back Ti
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.3.2 Micro
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Sensitivity
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION • ECH pri
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.3 Resul
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 16000 14000
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Annuity pri
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.4 Concl
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C H A P T E R 3 COMPONENT DESCRIPTI
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3.1. Introduction The seven stream
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3.2. Absorber - ABSO 3.2 Absorber -
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3.2. Absorber - ABSO implicitly thr
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3.4. Burner - BURN 3.4 Burner - BUR
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3.5. Condenser - COND T [° C ] ΔT
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3.6. Desorber - DES 3.6 Desorber -
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3.7. Evaporator - EVAP 3.7 Evaporat
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3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX 3.8 Heat
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3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX The press
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3.10. Pre Reformer - PR 3.10 Pre Re
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3.11. Pump - PUMP 3.11 Pump - PUMP
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3.12. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - SOFC
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3.14 Cooling Tower - TOWER 3.14. Co
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3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER tower d
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3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER The air
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3.15. Expansion valve - VA/VB possi
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 8 SPG 10 20 1
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Pre reformer
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION which increas
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3 Absorptio
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3.3 Pumping
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The temperatu
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.5 Absorptio
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.6 Cooling T
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (below 100
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION as: Ẇ AC =
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.8 Verificat
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION SOFC net effi
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C H A P T E R 5 SIMULATION AND RESU
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling Figur
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling geous
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5.1.3 Changing evaporator temperatu
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling as de
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5.2. System configurations Red repr
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5.2. System configurations Dual Hea
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5.2. System configurations in a hot
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5.3. Partial optimization of standa
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Anode recycling (α SPG1 ) 5.3. Par
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis ηsys,el,
Page 171 and 172: 5.4. Sensitivity Analysis the press
Page 173 and 174: 5.4. Sensitivity Analysis 1. The x-
Page 175 and 176: 5.5 Total optimization of system 5.
Page 177 and 178: 5.5. Total optimization of system i
Page 179 and 180: 5.5. Total optimization of system e
Page 181 and 182: C H A P T E R 6 CASES AND ECONOMICS
Page 183 and 184: 6.2. High humidity climate BBC Home
Page 185 and 186: 6.2. High humidity climate Figure 6
Page 187 and 188: 6.3. Low humidity climate Figure 6.
Page 189 and 190: 6.4. Economics 6.4 Economics When t
Page 191 and 192: C H A P T E R 7 DISCUSSION In this
Page 193 and 194: 7.1.1 Accuracy and sensitivity 7.1.
Page 195 and 196: 7.2. Economical considerations Furt
Page 197 and 198: 7.2.3 Distributed Generation (DG) D
Page 199 and 200: 7.2. Economical considerations to 6
Page 201 and 202: 7.2. Economical considerations As m
Page 203 and 204: C H A P T E R 8 CONCLUSION System c
Page 205 and 206: For the APU segment a SOFC-ABS syst
Page 207 and 208: C H A P T E R 9 FURTHER WORK Some i
Page 209 and 210: BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Acfshop.dk: http:/
Page 211 and 212: Bibliography [24] Nordea invest: ht
Page 213: Appendices 187
Page 216 and 217: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.1 Market
Page 218 and 219: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION No cost for
Page 220 and 221: Absorpton unit (free waste heat) Pr
Page 224 and 225: Absorption Refrigerator RGE 400 fro
Page 226 and 227: Sensitivity analysis The effect on
Page 228 and 229: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.4 DG appe
Page 230 and 231: From the "CHP in the Hotel and Casi
Page 232 and 233: Hotel with 230 rooms and 18000 m^2
Page 234 and 235: SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
Page 236 and 237: 16000 Pay Back Time: Entire System
Page 238 and 239: SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
Page 240 and 241: Hot climate SOFC + ABS + HW vs pure
Page 242 and 243: Assumptions SOFC price = 2650kr/kW
Page 244 and 245: Hot climate Increase (Delta NPV_10)
Page 246 and 247: Prices of absorption cooling units
Page 248 and 249: 1'000'000 900'000 800'000 143'600 7
Page 250 and 251: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.6 Gas and
Page 252 and 253: Retail electricity prices Exchange
Page 254 and 255: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.1 GAX diagr
Page 256 and 257: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.3 Closed ad
Page 258 and 259: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.4.2 p-T dia
Page 260 and 261: C. EES Efficiencies SOFC η inver t
Page 262 and 263: C. EES ∆ p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 [kPa
Page 264 and 265: C. EES ˙Q loss;Bur n = 0 [kW ] ˙Q
Page 266 and 267: C. EES SOFC ∆ T ;SOFC ;av = 30 [C
Page 268 and 269: C. EES C.2 Results - Standard param
Page 270 and 271: C. EES 244 DES2 h;o = 42 DES2 i = 7
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C. EES SOFC ano;i = 5 SOFC ano;o =
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C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
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C. EES C.3 Results - Optimized para
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C. EES ∆ T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 1
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C. EES ˙Q tr ans;W GHE X 3 = 2,752
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C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
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C. EES C.4 Results - Uncertainty pr
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C. EES ∆T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 15
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C. EES ∆p;TOW ER1;air ;dr y = 0,1
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C. EES ∆p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 ±
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C. EES C.4.4 ∆p for absorption su
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C. EES C.4.5 ˙Qloss for absorption
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A P P E N D I X D OTHER D.1 Explana
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D.3. Water consumption Hence it is
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A P P E N D I X E OPTIMIZATION GRAP
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E.1. Simulations and Results E.1.2
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E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
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E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
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E.2. Cases E.2 Cases E.2.1 Extreme
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SEG Scandinavian Energy Group Aps.
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8 SPG 1 10 1-α GGHEX1 9 α 7 GGHEX
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1 8 GGHEX1 CH4, in Air, in 21 2 11
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