integration of solid oxide fuel cells and ... - Ea Energianalyse

More documents

Recommendations

Info

A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.3 CHP appendix A.3.1 Assumptions • All prices are incl VAT since it is seen from the consumer viewpoint, and electricity etc. is incl VAT. • Electrical refrigerator (Bosch energy class A++) price = 3.999DKK Footnote[Bosch KGV 36X27 225l refrigeration and 91liter freezer]. • Absorption refrigerator (RGE 400 from Åbybro camping og fritid 224L + 76L) price = 11.000DKK. • Electrical refrigerator electricity consumption = 208kWh/y. • Absorption refrigerator electricity consumption = 0kWh/y. • Electricity price 2 DKK/kWh (Danish prices). • No service needed on either refrigerator. • No price for a HEX between the SOFC exhaust gas and the refrigerator has been included, so in reality this might add an extra cost for the absorption refrigerator. • Discount factor 5% per year. 196
Refrigerators for private end users (incl VAT) Discount rate Annually el. cons. El. price 5,00% 208,00 kWh 2,00 DKK/kWh (incl. VAT) Electrical Refrigerator (A++) Bosch KGV 36X27 225l refritiation and 91liter freezer year Purchase Electricity Net payment NPV_i NPV tot Annuity 0 3'999 3'999 3'999 3'999 1 416 416 396 4'395 4615 2 416 416 377 4'773 2567 3 416 416 359 5'132 1884 4 416 416 342 5'474 1544 5 416 416 326 5'800 1340 6 416 416 310 6'110 1204 7 416 416 296 6'406 1107 8 416 416 282 6'688 1035 9 416 416 268 6'956 979 10 416 416 255 7'211 934 11 416 416 243 7'454 897 12 416 416 232 7'686 867 13 416 416 221 7'907 842 14 416 416 210 8'117 820 15 416 416 200 8'317 801 16 416 416 191 8'508 785 17 416 416 181 8'689 771 18 416 416 173 8'862 758 19 416 416 165 9'026 747 20 416 416 157 9'183 737 21 416 416 149 9'333 728 22 416 416 142 9'475 720 23 416 416 135 9'610 712 24 416 416 129 9'739 706 25 416 416 123 9'862 700 26 416 416 117 9'979 694 27 416 416 111 10'091 689 28 416 416 106 10'197 684 29 416 416 101 10'298 680 30 416 416 96 10'394 676 10'975 197
Page 1:
INTEGRATION OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CEL
Page 5:
Abstract It is investigated whether
Page 9:
Preface This report is documentatio
Page 12 and 13:
CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . .
Page 14 and 15:
CONTENTS 4.2.3 SOFC stack . . . . .
Page 16 and 17:
CONTENTS A.4 DG appendix . . . . .
Page 18 and 19:
LIST OF FIGURES 4.3 Diagram of sing
Page 21 and 22:
NOMENCLATURE Acronyms Acronym ABS A
Page 23 and 24:
Greek (and other) Symbols Greek (an
Page 25:
Subscripts Subscripts Subscript 2P
Page 28 and 29:
1. INTRODUCTION Chapter 4, System d
Page 30 and 31:
1. INTRODUCTION the electricity and
Page 32 and 33:
1. INTRODUCTION 1.4 SOFC The fuel c
Page 34 and 35:
1. INTRODUCTION 1.5 Heat driven coo
Page 36 and 37:
1. INTRODUCTION Cycle description.
Page 38 and 39:
1. INTRODUCTION Ammonia-water The C
Page 40 and 41:
1. INTRODUCTION 1.5.3 Platen Munter
Page 42 and 43:
1. INTRODUCTION Open loop In an ope
Page 44 and 45:
1. INTRODUCTION 1.7 Problem stateme
Page 46 and 47:
2. MARKET INVESTIGATION appendix A.
Page 48 and 49:
2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.2.2 Ship
Page 50 and 51:
2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Pay Back Ti
Page 52 and 53:
2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.3.2 Micro
Page 54 and 55:
2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Sensitivity
Page 56 and 57:
2. MARKET INVESTIGATION • ECH pri
Page 58 and 59:
2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.3 Resul
Page 60 and 61:
2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 16000 14000
Page 62 and 63:
2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Annuity pri
Page 64 and 65:
2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.4 Concl
Page 67 and 68:
C H A P T E R 3 COMPONENT DESCRIPTI
Page 69 and 70:
3.1. Introduction The seven stream
Page 71 and 72:
3.2. Absorber - ABSO 3.2 Absorber -
Page 73 and 74:
3.2. Absorber - ABSO implicitly thr
Page 75 and 76:
3.4. Burner - BURN 3.4 Burner - BUR
Page 77 and 78:
3.5. Condenser - COND T [° C ] ΔT
Page 79 and 80:
3.6. Desorber - DES 3.6 Desorber -
Page 81 and 82:
3.7. Evaporator - EVAP 3.7 Evaporat
Page 83 and 84:
3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX 3.8 Heat
Page 85 and 86:
3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX The press
Page 87 and 88:
3.10. Pre Reformer - PR 3.10 Pre Re
Page 89 and 90:
3.11. Pump - PUMP 3.11 Pump - PUMP
Page 91 and 92:
3.12. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - SOFC
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
3.14 Cooling Tower - TOWER 3.14. Co
Page 99 and 100:
3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER tower d
Page 101 and 102:
3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER The air
Page 103:
3.15. Expansion valve - VA/VB possi
Page 106 and 107:
4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 8 SPG 10 20 1
Page 108 and 109:
4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Pre reformer
Page 110 and 111:
4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION which increas
Page 112 and 113:
4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3 Absorptio
Page 114 and 115:
4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3.3 Pumping
Page 116 and 117:
4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The temperatu
Page 118 and 119:
4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.5 Absorptio
Page 120 and 121:
4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.6 Cooling T
Page 122 and 123:
4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (below 100
Page 124 and 125:
4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION as: Ẇ AC =
Page 126 and 127:
4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.8 Verificat
Page 128 and 129:
4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION SOFC net effi
Page 131 and 132:
C H A P T E R 5 SIMULATION AND RESU
Page 133 and 134:
5.1. Basic absorption cooling Figur
Page 135 and 136:
5.1. Basic absorption cooling geous
Page 137 and 138:
5.1.3 Changing evaporator temperatu
Page 139 and 140:
5.1. Basic absorption cooling as de
Page 141 and 142:
5.2. System configurations Red repr
Page 143 and 144:
5.2. System configurations Dual Hea
Page 145 and 146:
5.2. System configurations in a hot
Page 147 and 148:
5.3. Partial optimization of standa
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Anode recycling (α SPG1 ) 5.3. Par
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
5.4. Sensitivity Analysis ηsys,el,
Page 171 and 172: 5.4. Sensitivity Analysis the press
Page 173 and 174: 5.4. Sensitivity Analysis 1. The x-
Page 175 and 176: 5.5 Total optimization of system 5.
Page 177 and 178: 5.5. Total optimization of system i
Page 179 and 180: 5.5. Total optimization of system e
Page 181 and 182: C H A P T E R 6 CASES AND ECONOMICS
Page 183 and 184: 6.2. High humidity climate BBC Home
Page 185 and 186: 6.2. High humidity climate Figure 6
Page 187 and 188: 6.3. Low humidity climate Figure 6.
Page 189 and 190: 6.4. Economics 6.4 Economics When t
Page 191 and 192: C H A P T E R 7 DISCUSSION In this
Page 193 and 194: 7.1.1 Accuracy and sensitivity 7.1.
Page 195 and 196: 7.2. Economical considerations Furt
Page 197 and 198: 7.2.3 Distributed Generation (DG) D
Page 199 and 200: 7.2. Economical considerations to 6
Page 201 and 202: 7.2. Economical considerations As m
Page 203 and 204: C H A P T E R 8 CONCLUSION System c
Page 205 and 206: For the APU segment a SOFC-ABS syst
Page 207 and 208: C H A P T E R 9 FURTHER WORK Some i
Page 209 and 210: BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Acfshop.dk: http:/
Page 211 and 212: Bibliography [24] Nordea invest: ht
Page 213: Appendices 187
Page 216 and 217: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.1 Market
Page 218 and 219: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION No cost for
Page 220 and 221: Absorpton unit (free waste heat) Pr
Page 224 and 225: Absorption Refrigerator RGE 400 fro
Page 226 and 227: Sensitivity analysis The effect on
Page 228 and 229: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.4 DG appe
Page 230 and 231: From the "CHP in the Hotel and Casi
Page 232 and 233: Hotel with 230 rooms and 18000 m^2
Page 234 and 235: SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
Page 236 and 237: 16000 Pay Back Time: Entire System
Page 238 and 239: SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
Page 240 and 241: Hot climate SOFC + ABS + HW vs pure
Page 242 and 243: Assumptions SOFC price = 2650kr/kW
Page 244 and 245: Hot climate Increase (Delta NPV_10)
Page 246 and 247: Prices of absorption cooling units
Page 248 and 249: 1'000'000 900'000 800'000 143'600 7
Page 250 and 251: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.6 Gas and
Page 252 and 253: Retail electricity prices Exchange
Page 254 and 255: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.1 GAX diagr
Page 256 and 257: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.3 Closed ad
Page 258 and 259: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.4.2 p-T dia
Page 260 and 261: C. EES Efficiencies SOFC η inver t
Page 262 and 263: C. EES ∆ p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 [kPa
Page 264 and 265: C. EES ˙Q loss;Bur n = 0 [kW ] ˙Q
Page 266 and 267: C. EES SOFC ∆ T ;SOFC ;av = 30 [C
Page 268 and 269: C. EES C.2 Results - Standard param
Page 270 and 271: C. EES 244 DES2 h;o = 42 DES2 i = 7
Page 272 and 273:
C. EES SOFC ano;i = 5 SOFC ano;o =
Page 274 and 275:
C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
Page 276 and 277:
C. EES C.3 Results - Optimized para
Page 278 and 279:
C. EES ∆ T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 1
Page 280 and 281:
C. EES ˙Q tr ans;W GHE X 3 = 2,752
Page 282 and 283:
C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
Page 284 and 285:
C. EES C.4 Results - Uncertainty pr
Page 286 and 287:
C. EES ∆T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 15
Page 288 and 289:
C. EES ∆p;TOW ER1;air ;dr y = 0,1
Page 290 and 291:
C. EES ∆p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 ±
Page 292 and 293:
C. EES C.4.4 ∆p for absorption su
Page 294 and 295:
C. EES C.4.5 ˙Qloss for absorption
Page 297 and 298:
A P P E N D I X D OTHER D.1 Explana
Page 299 and 300:
D.3. Water consumption Hence it is
Page 301 and 302:
A P P E N D I X E OPTIMIZATION GRAP
Page 303 and 304:
E.1. Simulations and Results E.1.2
Page 305 and 306:
E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
Page 307 and 308:
E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
Page 309:
E.2. Cases E.2 Cases E.2.1 Extreme
Page 312 and 313:
SEG Scandinavian Energy Group Aps.
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
8 SPG 1 10 1-α GGHEX1 9 α 7 GGHEX
Page 322:
1 8 GGHEX1 CH4, in Air, in 21 2 11
show all

integration of solid oxide fuel cells and ... - Ea Energianalyse

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?