integration of solid oxide fuel cells and ... - Ea Energianalyse

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SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cooling ALL YEAR The ABS only runs all year. The cooling power is all year equal to the sommer power of the "sommer Case" SOFC runs all the time 24/7 kW kWh/y P_gas 932 8'164'493 P_el, SOFC 466 P_el, import 0 0 Electricity is imported from the grid to cover the extra need for the ECH P_ECH 795 P_ABS Year Electricity GAS for FC ECH SOFC ABS Storage Net payment NPV_i NPV_akk Anuity 0 1'428'754 1'234'926 2'663'680 2'663'680 2'663'680 1 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 1'555'141 4'218'821 4'429'762 2 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 1'481'087 5'699'908 3'065'439 3 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 1'410'559 7'110'467 2'611'025 4 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 1'343'390 8'453'857 2'384'088 5 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 1'279'419 9'733'276 2'248'141 6 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 1'218'494 10'951'770 2'157'690 7 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 1'160'470 12'112'240 2'093'235 8 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 1'105'210 13'217'450 2'045'028 9 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 1'052'581 14'270'031 2'007'652 10 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 1'002'458 15'272'489 1'977'857 11 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 954'722 16'227'211 1'953'576 12 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 909'259 17'136'470 1'933'429 13 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 865'961 18'002'431 1'916'463 14 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 824'725 18'827'156 1'901'994 15 0 1'632'899 1'632'899 785'452 19'612'608 1'889'524
SOFC + Water heating + ABS, Cooling ALL YEAR Sofc running full year, netimport electricity = 0 A storage will take care of the daily variation of cooling demand No room heating. Hot water is made by the SOFC waste heat Part of the cooling is made by the ABS, and the rest by the ECH Cooling need ALL YEAR (30 Celcius all year) The ABS runs all year (thereby nu waste heat is wasted) The SOFC delivers to the ABS all the time, and no real seasonal variation in el-in/export It is assumed that the heat exchangers for the aircondition devise is the same no matter what CH is used, so that price is not included SOFC runs all the time 24/7 kW kWh/y P_gas 798 6'988'834 P_el, SOFC 399 P_el, import 0 0 P_ECH 526 P_ABS 268 Year Electricity GAS for FC ECH SOFC ABS Storage Net payment NPV_i NPV_akk Anuity 0 946'210 1'057'101 984'971 0 2'988'282 2'988'282 2'988'282 1 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 1'331'206 4'319'488 4'535'462 2 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 1'267'816 5'587'304 3'004'879 3 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 1'207'443 6'794'747 2'495'089 4 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 1'149'946 7'944'693 2'240'497 5 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 1'095'187 9'039'880 2'087'984 6 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 1'043'035 10'082'915 1'986'510 7 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 993'367 11'076'282 1'914'201 8 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 946'064 12'022'345 1'860'119 9 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 901'013 12'923'358 1'818'188 10 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 858'108 13'781'466 1'784'763 11 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 817'245 14'598'711 1'757'523 12 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 778'329 15'377'040 1'734'921 13 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 741'266 16'118'305 1'715'887 14 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 705'967 16'824'272 1'699'655 15 0 1'397'767 1'397'767 672'350 17'496'622 1'685'665
Page 1:
INTEGRATION OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CEL
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Abstract It is investigated whether
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Preface This report is documentatio
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS 4.2.3 SOFC stack . . . . .
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CONTENTS A.4 DG appendix . . . . .
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LIST OF FIGURES 4.3 Diagram of sing
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NOMENCLATURE Acronyms Acronym ABS A
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Greek (and other) Symbols Greek (an
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Subscripts Subscripts Subscript 2P
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1. INTRODUCTION Chapter 4, System d
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1. INTRODUCTION the electricity and
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.4 SOFC The fuel c
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5 Heat driven coo
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1. INTRODUCTION Cycle description.
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1. INTRODUCTION Ammonia-water The C
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5.3 Platen Munter
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1. INTRODUCTION Open loop In an ope
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.7 Problem stateme
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION appendix A.
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.2.2 Ship
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Pay Back Ti
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.3.2 Micro
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Sensitivity
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION • ECH pri
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.3 Resul
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 16000 14000
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Annuity pri
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.4 Concl
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C H A P T E R 3 COMPONENT DESCRIPTI
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3.1. Introduction The seven stream
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3.2. Absorber - ABSO 3.2 Absorber -
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3.2. Absorber - ABSO implicitly thr
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3.4. Burner - BURN 3.4 Burner - BUR
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3.5. Condenser - COND T [° C ] ΔT
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3.6. Desorber - DES 3.6 Desorber -
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3.7. Evaporator - EVAP 3.7 Evaporat
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3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX 3.8 Heat
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3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX The press
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3.10. Pre Reformer - PR 3.10 Pre Re
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3.11. Pump - PUMP 3.11 Pump - PUMP
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3.12. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - SOFC
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3.14 Cooling Tower - TOWER 3.14. Co
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3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER tower d
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3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER The air
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3.15. Expansion valve - VA/VB possi
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 8 SPG 10 20 1
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Pre reformer
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION which increas
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3 Absorptio
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3.3 Pumping
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The temperatu
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.5 Absorptio
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.6 Cooling T
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (below 100
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION as: Ẇ AC =
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.8 Verificat
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION SOFC net effi
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C H A P T E R 5 SIMULATION AND RESU
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling Figur
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling geous
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5.1.3 Changing evaporator temperatu
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling as de
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5.2. System configurations Red repr
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5.2. System configurations Dual Hea
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5.2. System configurations in a hot
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5.3. Partial optimization of standa
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Anode recycling (α SPG1 ) 5.3. Par
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis ηsys,el,
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis the press
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis 1. The x-
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5.5 Total optimization of system 5.
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5.5. Total optimization of system i
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5.5. Total optimization of system e
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C H A P T E R 6 CASES AND ECONOMICS
Page 183 and 184: 6.2. High humidity climate BBC Home
Page 185 and 186: 6.2. High humidity climate Figure 6
Page 187 and 188: 6.3. Low humidity climate Figure 6.
Page 189 and 190: 6.4. Economics 6.4 Economics When t
Page 191 and 192: C H A P T E R 7 DISCUSSION In this
Page 193 and 194: 7.1.1 Accuracy and sensitivity 7.1.
Page 195 and 196: 7.2. Economical considerations Furt
Page 197 and 198: 7.2.3 Distributed Generation (DG) D
Page 199 and 200: 7.2. Economical considerations to 6
Page 201 and 202: 7.2. Economical considerations As m
Page 203 and 204: C H A P T E R 8 CONCLUSION System c
Page 205 and 206: For the APU segment a SOFC-ABS syst
Page 207 and 208: C H A P T E R 9 FURTHER WORK Some i
Page 209 and 210: BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Acfshop.dk: http:/
Page 211 and 212: Bibliography [24] Nordea invest: ht
Page 213: Appendices 187
Page 216 and 217: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.1 Market
Page 218 and 219: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION No cost for
Page 220 and 221: Absorpton unit (free waste heat) Pr
Page 222 and 223: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.3 CHP app
Page 224 and 225: Absorption Refrigerator RGE 400 fro
Page 226 and 227: Sensitivity analysis The effect on
Page 228 and 229: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.4 DG appe
Page 230 and 231: From the "CHP in the Hotel and Casi
Page 232 and 233: Hotel with 230 rooms and 18000 m^2
Page 236 and 237: 16000 Pay Back Time: Entire System
Page 238 and 239: SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
Page 240 and 241: Hot climate SOFC + ABS + HW vs pure
Page 242 and 243: Assumptions SOFC price = 2650kr/kW
Page 244 and 245: Hot climate Increase (Delta NPV_10)
Page 246 and 247: Prices of absorption cooling units
Page 248 and 249: 1'000'000 900'000 800'000 143'600 7
Page 250 and 251: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.6 Gas and
Page 252 and 253: Retail electricity prices Exchange
Page 254 and 255: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.1 GAX diagr
Page 256 and 257: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.3 Closed ad
Page 258 and 259: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.4.2 p-T dia
Page 260 and 261: C. EES Efficiencies SOFC η inver t
Page 262 and 263: C. EES ∆ p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 [kPa
Page 264 and 265: C. EES ˙Q loss;Bur n = 0 [kW ] ˙Q
Page 266 and 267: C. EES SOFC ∆ T ;SOFC ;av = 30 [C
Page 268 and 269: C. EES C.2 Results - Standard param
Page 270 and 271: C. EES 244 DES2 h;o = 42 DES2 i = 7
Page 272 and 273: C. EES SOFC ano;i = 5 SOFC ano;o =
Page 274 and 275: C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
Page 276 and 277: C. EES C.3 Results - Optimized para
Page 278 and 279: C. EES ∆ T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 1
Page 280 and 281: C. EES ˙Q tr ans;W GHE X 3 = 2,752
Page 282 and 283: C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
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C. EES C.4 Results - Uncertainty pr
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C. EES ∆T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 15
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C. EES ∆p;TOW ER1;air ;dr y = 0,1
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C. EES ∆p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 ±
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C. EES C.4.4 ∆p for absorption su
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C. EES C.4.5 ˙Qloss for absorption
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A P P E N D I X D OTHER D.1 Explana
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D.3. Water consumption Hence it is
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A P P E N D I X E OPTIMIZATION GRAP
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E.1. Simulations and Results E.1.2
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E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
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E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
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E.2. Cases E.2 Cases E.2.1 Extreme
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SEG Scandinavian Energy Group Aps.
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8 SPG 1 10 1-α GGHEX1 9 α 7 GGHEX
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1 8 GGHEX1 CH4, in Air, in 21 2 11
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