integration of solid oxide fuel cells and ... - Ea Energianalyse

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Preface This report is documentation <strong>of</strong> our master thesis <strong>of</strong> 2 times 30 ECTS points carried out in the period from February to June in 2010. The projet is conducted under DTU Mechanical Engineering in corporation with Topsoe Fuel Cell. ix
Page 1: INTEGRATION OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CEL
Page 5: Abstract It is investigated whether
Page 11 and 12: Acknowledgment Thanks to: Brian Elm
Page 13 and 14: Contents 2.2.1 Truck APU . . . . .
Page 15 and 16: Contents 5.4.1 Closest Approach Tem
Page 17 and 18: LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Individual air
Page 19: List of Figures 6.4 Hotel in high h
Page 22 and 23: NOMENCLATURE Components Component A
Page 24 and 25: NOMENCLATURE Latin Symbols Symbol U
Page 27 and 28: C H A P T E R 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Pr
Page 29 and 30: 1.2. General formalities 1.2 Genera
Page 31 and 32: 1.3. General introduction 1.3.4 Dem
Page 33 and 34: 1.4. SOFC 1.4.2 Topsoe Fuel Cell To
Page 35 and 36: 1.5. Heat driven cooling 1.5.1 Abso
Page 37 and 38: 1.5. Heat driven cooling 3 → 4: T
Page 39 and 40: 1.5. Heat driven cooling desorber,
Page 41 and 42: 1.5. Heat driven cooling The rich s
Page 43 and 44: 1.6. Problem delimitation 1.6 Probl
Page 45 and 46: C H A P T E R 2 MARKET INVESTIGATIO
Page 47 and 48: 2.2 Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) 2.2.
Page 49 and 50: 2.2. Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) Sen
Page 51 and 52: 2.3. Micro Combined Heat and Power
Page 53 and 54: Pay Back Time vs. refrigerator pric
Page 55 and 56: 2.4 Distributed Generation (DG) 2.4
Page 57 and 58: 2.4. Distributed Generation (DG) In
Page 59 and 60:
2.4. Distributed Generation (DG) ai
Page 61 and 62:
2.4. Distributed Generation (DG) AB
Page 63 and 64:
2.4. Distributed Generation (DG) Ne
Page 65:
2.5. Conclusion of the whole market
Page 68 and 69:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION The helpin
Page 70 and 71:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION The compon
Page 72 and 73:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION T [° C ]
Page 74 and 75:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 3.3 Blower
Page 76 and 77:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 3.5 Conden
Page 78 and 79:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION surroundin
Page 80 and 81:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION T [° C ]
Page 82 and 83:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION undergoes
Page 84 and 85:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION The genera
Page 86 and 87:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 3.9 Mixer
Page 88 and 89:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION The energy
Page 90 and 91:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 3.12 Solid
Page 92 and 93:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION cell tempe
Page 94 and 95:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION Losses The
Page 96 and 97:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 3.13 Split
Page 98 and 99:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION is not in
Page 100 and 101:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION air,mp air
Page 102 and 103:
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 3.15 Expan
Page 105 and 106:
C H A P T E R 4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Page 107 and 108:
4.2. SOFC subsystem 4.2 SOFC subsys
Page 109 and 110:
4.2. SOFC subsystem fraction which
Page 111 and 112:
4.2. SOFC subsystem The air utiliza
Page 113 and 114:
4.3. Absorption Single Stage 4.3.1
Page 115 and 116:
4.4 Absorption Double Stage 4.4. Ab
Page 117 and 118:
4.4. Absorption Double Stage and w
Page 119 and 120:
4.5. Absorption Double Stage, Dual
Page 121 and 122:
4.6. Cooling Tower discharged in po
Page 123 and 124:
4.7. System calculation 4.7 System
Page 125 and 126:
4.7. System calculation This defini
Page 127 and 128:
4.9. Validation of Model 4.9 Valida
Page 129:
4.9. Validation of Model Distributi
Page 132 and 133:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS eliminate
Page 134 and 135:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS Figure 5.
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS COP ABS d
Page 140 and 141:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS 5.2 Syste
Page 142 and 143:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS more valu
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS 5.3 Parti
Page 148 and 149:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS be cooled
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS outlet te
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS tricity w
Page 158 and 159:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS Method 1:
Page 160 and 161:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS As expect
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS 5.3.5 ∆
Page 168 and 169:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS 5.4 Sensi
Page 170 and 171:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS these are
Page 172 and 173:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS Heat Loss
Page 174 and 175:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS the cooli
Page 176 and 177:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS Efficienc
Page 178 and 179:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS 5.5.2 Cur
Page 180 and 181:
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS might sou
Page 182 and 183:
6. CASES AND ECONOMICS Three geogra
Page 184 and 185:
6. CASES AND ECONOMICS Data from Ba
Page 186 and 187:
6. CASES AND ECONOMICS 6.3 Low humi
Page 188 and 189:
6. CASES AND ECONOMICS climate. So
Page 190 and 191:
6. CASES AND ECONOMICS It can be se
Page 192 and 193:
7. DISCUSSION The conditions for th
Page 194 and 195:
7. DISCUSSION 7.2 Economical consid
Page 196 and 197:
7. DISCUSSION giving 5kW of Cooling
Page 198 and 199:
7. DISCUSSION This leads to the nex
Page 200 and 201:
7. DISCUSSION extract as much of th
Page 202 and 203:
7. DISCUSSION 7.3 Other considerati
Page 204 and 205:
8. CONCLUSION So by looking at how
Page 206 and 207:
8. CONCLUSION Furthermore the syste
Page 208 and 209:
9. FURTHER WORK 11. The system coul
Page 210 and 211:
BIBLIOGRAPHY [12] Energinet.dk: htt
Page 212 and 213:
BIBLIOGRAPHY [35] Wu, D.W. et al.:
Page 215 and 216:
A P P E N D I X A MARKET INVESTIGAT
Page 217 and 218:
A.2. APU appendix A.2 APU appendix
Page 219 and 220:
Aircondition 20kW ship. SOFC+ABS vs
Page 221 and 222:
Sensitivity analysis The effect on
Page 223 and 224:
Refrigerators for private end users
Page 225 and 226:
Absorption - electrical A++ refrige
Page 227 and 228:
Pay back time ABS refregiator price
Page 229 and 230:
A.4. DG appendix years, so if the p
Page 231 and 232:
Total lodging pr Hotel (calculated)
Page 233 and 234:
Electricity + Electrical Chiller, H
Page 235 and 236:
SOFC + Water heating + ABS, Cooling
Page 237 and 238:
Electricity + Electrical Chiller, C
Page 239 and 240:
SOFC + Water heating + ABS, Cooling
Page 241 and 242:
Hot climate SOFC + ABS + HW vs SFOC
Page 243 and 244:
It is seen, that it is by far more
Page 245 and 246:
A.5 Absorption cooling unit prices
Page 247 and 248:
Yazaki ClimateWell Robur Broad EAW
Page 249 and 250:
Prices of WEGRACAL absorption cooli
Page 251 and 252:
Retail gas prices 2008 prices 2008
Page 253 and 254:
A P P E N D I X B DIAGRAMS AND PLOT
Page 255 and 256:
B.2. Double stage diagram B.2 Doubl
Page 257 and 258:
B.4. Property plots B.4 Property pl
Page 259 and 260:
A P P E N D I X C EES C.1 Parameter
Page 261 and 262:
C.1. Parameter configuration Humidi
Page 263 and 264:
C.1. Parameter configuration ABS
Page 265 and 266:
C.1. Parameter configuration Qualit
Page 267 and 268:
C.1. Parameter configuration ∆ T
Page 269 and 270:
C.2. Results - Standard parameter c
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
C.3. Results - Optimized parameter
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
C.4. Results - Uncertainty propagat
Page 287 and 288:
C.4.2 Miscellaneous parameters Vari
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295:
C.5. Guide to EES files C.5 Guide t
Page 298 and 299:
D. OTHER The pressure loss of GGHEX
Page 300 and 301:
High humidity - low water price, hi
Page 302 and 303:
E. OPTIMIZATION GRAPHS E.1 Simulati
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E. OPTIMIZATION GRAPHS E.1.2.2 ∆T
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E. OPTIMIZATION GRAPHS E.1.3 Towers
Page 308 and 309:
E. OPTIMIZATION GRAPHS E.1.3.2 ∆
Page 311 and 312:
A P P E N D I X F LITERATURE F.1 Sc
Page 313 and 314:
SEG Scandinavian Energy Group Aps.
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Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
A P P E N D I X G SYSTEM DIAGRAM Th
Page 321 and 322:
1 8 GGHEX1 CH4, in Air, in 21 2 11
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