integration of solid oxide fuel cells and ... - Ea Energianalyse

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Hotel with 230 rooms <strong>and</strong> 18000 m^2 Arbsorption Chiller Assumptions Default values COP_ECH 4,0 4 USD/Dkr 5,3 COP_ABS 1,3 1,3 GBP/Dkk 8,5 eta_SOFC 0,5 0,5 Gas price kr/kWh 0,20 0,2 California, commercial Electricity pr kr/kWh 0,75 0,75 California, commercial SOFC Price kr/kW 2650 2650 $500/kW ABS Price kr/kW 3670 3'670 Broard price pr kW corected which is the size correlation seen for WEGRACAL ABS units ECH Price kr/kW 1798 1798 P_(Enviromax 20 kW) * 0,5 (half kW price for a 250kW unit compared to the 20kW) Storage price/Cooling price 0,00 Storage size factor 0,50 Discount 0,050 Hot climate Normal clim. Hot climate Normal clim. Hot climate Normal clim. - - HotW HotW ABS+HotW ABS+HotW SOFC eff (LHV) 0,0 0,0 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 COP_ABS 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,3 1,3 Cooling from ABS(yearly average) 268 104 ABS size 268 208 Cooling from ECH (yearly average) 795 397 795 397 526 293 ECH size 795 795 795 795 526 587 Power consumption ECH 199 99 199 99 132 73 Total electricity need 466 367 466 367 399 341 El import from net 466 367 0 0 0 0 SOFC size = av el power 466 367 399 341 Gas for SOFC <strong>and</strong> space heating 141 405 932 997 798 945
Electricity + Electrical Chiller, HOT kW kWh/y P_gas 141 1'233'534 P_el 466 4'082'246 P_el, SOFC P_ECH 795 P_ABS Year Electricity Gas ECH Net payment NPV_i NPV_akk Anuity 0 1'428'754 1'428'754 1'428'754 1'428'754 1 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 3'150'849 4'579'603 4'808'583 2 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 3'000'809 7'580'411 4'076'782 3 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 2'857'913 10'438'324 3'833'042 4 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 2'721'822 13'160'146 3'711'317 5 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 2'592'211 15'752'358 3'638'398 6 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 2'468'773 18'221'130 3'589'881 7 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 2'351'212 20'572'342 3'555'308 8 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 2'239'250 22'811'592 3'529'451 9 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 2'132'619 24'944'211 3'509'403 10 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 2'031'065 26'975'276 3'493'422 11 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 1'934'348 28'909'624 3'480'398 12 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 1'842'236 30'751'860 3'469'591 13 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 1'754'511 32'506'371 3'460'491 14 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 1'670'963 34'177'333 3'452'730 15 3'061'685 246'707 3'308'392 1'591'393 35'768'726 3'446'041
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INTEGRATION OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CEL
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Abstract It is investigated whether
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Preface This report is documentatio
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS 4.2.3 SOFC stack . . . . .
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CONTENTS A.4 DG appendix . . . . .
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LIST OF FIGURES 4.3 Diagram of sing
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NOMENCLATURE Acronyms Acronym ABS A
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Greek (and other) Symbols Greek (an
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Subscripts Subscripts Subscript 2P
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1. INTRODUCTION Chapter 4, System d
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1. INTRODUCTION the electricity and
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.4 SOFC The fuel c
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5 Heat driven coo
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1. INTRODUCTION Cycle description.
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1. INTRODUCTION Ammonia-water The C
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5.3 Platen Munter
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1. INTRODUCTION Open loop In an ope
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.7 Problem stateme
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION appendix A.
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.2.2 Ship
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Pay Back Ti
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.3.2 Micro
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Sensitivity
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION • ECH pri
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.3 Resul
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 16000 14000
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Annuity pri
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.4 Concl
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C H A P T E R 3 COMPONENT DESCRIPTI
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3.1. Introduction The seven stream
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3.2. Absorber - ABSO 3.2 Absorber -
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3.2. Absorber - ABSO implicitly thr
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3.4. Burner - BURN 3.4 Burner - BUR
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3.5. Condenser - COND T [° C ] ΔT
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3.6. Desorber - DES 3.6 Desorber -
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3.7. Evaporator - EVAP 3.7 Evaporat
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3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX 3.8 Heat
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3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX The press
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3.10. Pre Reformer - PR 3.10 Pre Re
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3.11. Pump - PUMP 3.11 Pump - PUMP
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3.12. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - SOFC
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3.14 Cooling Tower - TOWER 3.14. Co
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3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER tower d
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3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER The air
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3.15. Expansion valve - VA/VB possi
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 8 SPG 10 20 1
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Pre reformer
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION which increas
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3 Absorptio
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3.3 Pumping
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The temperatu
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.5 Absorptio
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.6 Cooling T
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (below 100
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION as: Ẇ AC =
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.8 Verificat
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION SOFC net effi
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C H A P T E R 5 SIMULATION AND RESU
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling Figur
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling geous
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5.1.3 Changing evaporator temperatu
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling as de
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5.2. System configurations Red repr
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5.2. System configurations Dual Hea
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5.2. System configurations in a hot
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5.3. Partial optimization of standa
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Anode recycling (α SPG1 ) 5.3. Par
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis ηsys,el,
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis the press
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis 1. The x-
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5.5 Total optimization of system 5.
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5.5. Total optimization of system i
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5.5. Total optimization of system e
Page 181 and 182: C H A P T E R 6 CASES AND ECONOMICS
Page 183 and 184: 6.2. High humidity climate BBC Home
Page 185 and 186: 6.2. High humidity climate Figure 6
Page 187 and 188: 6.3. Low humidity climate Figure 6.
Page 189 and 190: 6.4. Economics 6.4 Economics When t
Page 191 and 192: C H A P T E R 7 DISCUSSION In this
Page 193 and 194: 7.1.1 Accuracy and sensitivity 7.1.
Page 195 and 196: 7.2. Economical considerations Furt
Page 197 and 198: 7.2.3 Distributed Generation (DG) D
Page 199 and 200: 7.2. Economical considerations to 6
Page 201 and 202: 7.2. Economical considerations As m
Page 203 and 204: C H A P T E R 8 CONCLUSION System c
Page 205 and 206: For the APU segment a SOFC-ABS syst
Page 207 and 208: C H A P T E R 9 FURTHER WORK Some i
Page 209 and 210: BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Acfshop.dk: http:/
Page 211 and 212: Bibliography [24] Nordea invest: ht
Page 213: Appendices 187
Page 216 and 217: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.1 Market
Page 218 and 219: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION No cost for
Page 220 and 221: Absorpton unit (free waste heat) Pr
Page 222 and 223: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.3 CHP app
Page 224 and 225: Absorption Refrigerator RGE 400 fro
Page 226 and 227: Sensitivity analysis The effect on
Page 228 and 229: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.4 DG appe
Page 230 and 231: From the "CHP in the Hotel and Casi
Page 234 and 235: SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
Page 236 and 237: 16000 Pay Back Time: Entire System
Page 238 and 239: SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
Page 240 and 241: Hot climate SOFC + ABS + HW vs pure
Page 242 and 243: Assumptions SOFC price = 2650kr/kW
Page 244 and 245: Hot climate Increase (Delta NPV_10)
Page 246 and 247: Prices of absorption cooling units
Page 248 and 249: 1'000'000 900'000 800'000 143'600 7
Page 250 and 251: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.6 Gas and
Page 252 and 253: Retail electricity prices Exchange
Page 254 and 255: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.1 GAX diagr
Page 256 and 257: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.3 Closed ad
Page 258 and 259: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.4.2 p-T dia
Page 260 and 261: C. EES Efficiencies SOFC η inver t
Page 262 and 263: C. EES ∆ p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 [kPa
Page 264 and 265: C. EES ˙Q loss;Bur n = 0 [kW ] ˙Q
Page 266 and 267: C. EES SOFC ∆ T ;SOFC ;av = 30 [C
Page 268 and 269: C. EES C.2 Results - Standard param
Page 270 and 271: C. EES 244 DES2 h;o = 42 DES2 i = 7
Page 272 and 273: C. EES SOFC ano;i = 5 SOFC ano;o =
Page 274 and 275: C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
Page 276 and 277: C. EES C.3 Results - Optimized para
Page 278 and 279: C. EES ∆ T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 1
Page 280 and 281: C. EES ˙Q tr ans;W GHE X 3 = 2,752
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C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
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C. EES C.4 Results - Uncertainty pr
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C. EES ∆T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 15
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C. EES ∆p;TOW ER1;air ;dr y = 0,1
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C. EES ∆p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 ±
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C. EES C.4.4 ∆p for absorption su
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C. EES C.4.5 ˙Qloss for absorption
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A P P E N D I X D OTHER D.1 Explana
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D.3. Water consumption Hence it is
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A P P E N D I X E OPTIMIZATION GRAP
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E.1. Simulations and Results E.1.2
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E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
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E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
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E.2. Cases E.2 Cases E.2.1 Extreme
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SEG Scandinavian Energy Group Aps.
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8 SPG 1 10 1-α GGHEX1 9 α 7 GGHEX
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1 8 GGHEX1 CH4, in Air, in 21 2 11
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