integration of solid oxide fuel cells and ... - Ea Energianalyse

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SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cooling SUMMER ONLY The ABS only runs in the summer. No cooling needed at winter time SOFC runs all the time 24/7 During summer there will be a net import of electricity (for the ECH), and during winter a net exp kW kWh/y P_gas 997 8'734'429 P_el, SOFC 367 P_el, import 0 0 Electricity is imported from the grid to cover the extra need for the ECH P_ECH 795 P_ABS Year Electricity GAS for FC ECH SOFC ABS Storage Net payment NPV_i NPV_akk Anuity 0 1'428'754 971'667 2'400'420 2'400'420 2'400'420 1 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 1'663'701 4'064'121 4'267'327 2 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 1'584'477 5'648'598 3'037'843 3 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 1'509'026 7'157'623 2'628'341 4 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 1'437'167 8'594'791 2'423'833 5 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 1'368'731 9'963'521 2'301'322 6 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 1'303'553 11'267'074 2'219'810 7 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 1'241'479 12'508'553 2'161'726 8 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 1'182'361 13'690'914 2'118'283 9 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 1'126'058 14'816'973 2'084'601 10 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 1'072'436 15'889'409 2'057'751 11 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 1'021'368 16'910'777 2'035'870 12 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 972'731 17'883'508 2'017'714 13 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 926'411 18'809'919 2'002'424 14 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 882'296 19'692'215 1'989'386 15 0 1'746'886 1'746'886 840'282 20'532'497 1'978'148
SOFC + Water heating + ABS, Cooling SUMMER ONLY Sofc running full year, netimport electricity = 0 A storage will take care of the daily variation of cooling demand Room heating will always be made by gas - only hot water is made by the SOFC waste heat Part of the cooling is made by the ABS, and the rest by the ECH Cooling SUMMER ONLY The ABS only runs in the summer. No cooling needed at winter time The SOFC delivers to the ABS at summer, and wastes heat in the winter. During summer there will be a net import of electricity (for the ECH), and during winter a net exp SOFC runs all the time 24/7 It is assumed that the heat exchangers for the aircondition devise is the same no matter what CH is used, so that price is not included kW kWh/y P_gas 945 8'279'206 P_el, SOFC 341 P_el, import 0 0 P_ECH 587 P_ABS 208 Year Electricity GAS for FC ECH SOFC ABS Storage Net payment NPV_i NPV_akk Anuity 0 1'055'066 902'812 762'773 0 2'720'651 2'720'651 2'720'651 1 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 1'576'992 4'297'643 4'512'525 2 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 1'501'897 5'799'539 3'119'021 3 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 1'430'378 7'229'917 2'654'888 4 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 1'362'265 8'592'182 2'423'097 5 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 1'297'395 9'889'577 2'284'243 6 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 1'235'614 11'125'191 2'191'857 7 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 1'176'775 12'301'967 2'126'024 8 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 1'120'739 13'422'705 2'076'785 9 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 1'067'370 14'490'075 2'038'610 10 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 1'016'543 15'506'618 2'008'178 11 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 968'136 16'474'754 1'983'377 12 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 922'034 17'396'789 1'962'800 13 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 878'128 18'274'917 1'945'470 14 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 836'312 19'111'229 1'930'692 15 0 1'655'841 1'655'841 796'488 19'907'717 1'917'955
Page 1:
INTEGRATION OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CEL
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Abstract It is investigated whether
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Preface This report is documentatio
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS 4.2.3 SOFC stack . . . . .
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CONTENTS A.4 DG appendix . . . . .
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LIST OF FIGURES 4.3 Diagram of sing
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NOMENCLATURE Acronyms Acronym ABS A
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Greek (and other) Symbols Greek (an
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Subscripts Subscripts Subscript 2P
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1. INTRODUCTION Chapter 4, System d
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1. INTRODUCTION the electricity and
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.4 SOFC The fuel c
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5 Heat driven coo
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1. INTRODUCTION Cycle description.
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1. INTRODUCTION Ammonia-water The C
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.5.3 Platen Munter
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1. INTRODUCTION Open loop In an ope
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.7 Problem stateme
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION appendix A.
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.2.2 Ship
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Pay Back Ti
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.3.2 Micro
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Sensitivity
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION • ECH pri
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.3 Resul
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 16000 14000
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION Annuity pri
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2. MARKET INVESTIGATION 2.4.4 Concl
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C H A P T E R 3 COMPONENT DESCRIPTI
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3.1. Introduction The seven stream
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3.2. Absorber - ABSO 3.2 Absorber -
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3.2. Absorber - ABSO implicitly thr
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3.4. Burner - BURN 3.4 Burner - BUR
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3.5. Condenser - COND T [° C ] ΔT
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3.6. Desorber - DES 3.6 Desorber -
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3.7. Evaporator - EVAP 3.7 Evaporat
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3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX 3.8 Heat
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3.8. Heat Exchanger - HEX The press
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3.10. Pre Reformer - PR 3.10 Pre Re
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3.11. Pump - PUMP 3.11 Pump - PUMP
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3.12. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - SOFC
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3.14 Cooling Tower - TOWER 3.14. Co
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3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER tower d
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3.14. Cooling Tower - TOWER The air
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3.15. Expansion valve - VA/VB possi
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 8 SPG 10 20 1
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Pre reformer
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION which increas
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3 Absorptio
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.3.3 Pumping
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The temperatu
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.5 Absorptio
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.6 Cooling T
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (below 100
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION as: Ẇ AC =
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 4.8 Verificat
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4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION SOFC net effi
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C H A P T E R 5 SIMULATION AND RESU
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling Figur
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling geous
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5.1.3 Changing evaporator temperatu
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5.1. Basic absorption cooling as de
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5.2. System configurations Red repr
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5.2. System configurations Dual Hea
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5.2. System configurations in a hot
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5.3. Partial optimization of standa
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Anode recycling (α SPG1 ) 5.3. Par
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis ηsys,el,
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis the press
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5.4. Sensitivity Analysis 1. The x-
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5.5 Total optimization of system 5.
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5.5. Total optimization of system i
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5.5. Total optimization of system e
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C H A P T E R 6 CASES AND ECONOMICS
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6.2. High humidity climate BBC Home
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6.2. High humidity climate Figure 6
Page 187 and 188: 6.3. Low humidity climate Figure 6.
Page 189 and 190: 6.4. Economics 6.4 Economics When t
Page 191 and 192: C H A P T E R 7 DISCUSSION In this
Page 193 and 194: 7.1.1 Accuracy and sensitivity 7.1.
Page 195 and 196: 7.2. Economical considerations Furt
Page 197 and 198: 7.2.3 Distributed Generation (DG) D
Page 199 and 200: 7.2. Economical considerations to 6
Page 201 and 202: 7.2. Economical considerations As m
Page 203 and 204: C H A P T E R 8 CONCLUSION System c
Page 205 and 206: For the APU segment a SOFC-ABS syst
Page 207 and 208: C H A P T E R 9 FURTHER WORK Some i
Page 209 and 210: BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Acfshop.dk: http:/
Page 211 and 212: Bibliography [24] Nordea invest: ht
Page 213: Appendices 187
Page 216 and 217: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.1 Market
Page 218 and 219: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION No cost for
Page 220 and 221: Absorpton unit (free waste heat) Pr
Page 222 and 223: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.3 CHP app
Page 224 and 225: Absorption Refrigerator RGE 400 fro
Page 226 and 227: Sensitivity analysis The effect on
Page 228 and 229: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.4 DG appe
Page 230 and 231: From the "CHP in the Hotel and Casi
Page 232 and 233: Hotel with 230 rooms and 18000 m^2
Page 234 and 235: SOFC + Water Heating (no ABS), Cool
Page 236 and 237: 16000 Pay Back Time: Entire System
Page 240 and 241: Hot climate SOFC + ABS + HW vs pure
Page 242 and 243: Assumptions SOFC price = 2650kr/kW
Page 244 and 245: Hot climate Increase (Delta NPV_10)
Page 246 and 247: Prices of absorption cooling units
Page 248 and 249: 1'000'000 900'000 800'000 143'600 7
Page 250 and 251: A. MARKET INVESTIGATION A.6 Gas and
Page 252 and 253: Retail electricity prices Exchange
Page 254 and 255: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.1 GAX diagr
Page 256 and 257: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.3 Closed ad
Page 258 and 259: B. DIAGRAMS AND PLOTS B.4.2 p-T dia
Page 260 and 261: C. EES Efficiencies SOFC η inver t
Page 262 and 263: C. EES ∆ p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 [kPa
Page 264 and 265: C. EES ˙Q loss;Bur n = 0 [kW ] ˙Q
Page 266 and 267: C. EES SOFC ∆ T ;SOFC ;av = 30 [C
Page 268 and 269: C. EES C.2 Results - Standard param
Page 270 and 271: C. EES 244 DES2 h;o = 42 DES2 i = 7
Page 272 and 273: C. EES SOFC ano;i = 5 SOFC ano;o =
Page 274 and 275: C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
Page 276 and 277: C. EES C.3 Results - Optimized para
Page 278 and 279: C. EES ∆ T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 1
Page 280 and 281: C. EES ˙Q tr ans;W GHE X 3 = 2,752
Page 282 and 283: C. EES Point T i p i ṁ i qu i h i
Page 284 and 285: C. EES C.4 Results - Uncertainty pr
Page 286 and 287: C. EES ∆T ;min;W GHE X 3;w;i = 15
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C. EES ∆p;TOW ER1;air ;dr y = 0,1
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C. EES ∆p;GGHE X 1;c = −1 ±
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C. EES C.4.4 ∆p for absorption su
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C. EES C.4.5 ˙Qloss for absorption
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A P P E N D I X D OTHER D.1 Explana
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D.3. Water consumption Hence it is
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A P P E N D I X E OPTIMIZATION GRAP
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E.1. Simulations and Results E.1.2
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E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
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E.1. Simulations and Results Figure
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E.2. Cases E.2 Cases E.2.1 Extreme
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SEG Scandinavian Energy Group Aps.
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8 SPG 1 10 1-α GGHEX1 9 α 7 GGHEX
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1 8 GGHEX1 CH4, in Air, in 21 2 11
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