69249454-chandler-semiotics

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for ‘the mirror stage’ and the realms of the Imaginary, the
Symbolic and the Real.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude (b. 1908) French anthropologist, widely
regarded as the principal structuralist theorist. He was strongly
influenced by Jakobson (particularly in relation to binary
oppositions) and the functionalist Prague school. He draws
upon Saussurean concepts such as signifier and signified,
langue and parole, and syntagmatic and paradigmatic axes as
well as Jakobson’s metaphoric and metonymic modes. His
analytical concepts included the alignment of homologous
oppositions, structural transformation, bricolage, ‘mythemes’,
and the idea of myth as a kind of language performing the
function of naturalization (a concept taken up by Barthes).
Lotman, Yuri (1922–93) was a semiotician who worked in Tartu
University, Estonia and founded the Tartu school. Lotman
worked within the tradition of formalist structuralist semiotics
but broadened his semiotic enterprise by establishing ‘cultural
semiotics’, his goal being to develop a unified semiotic theory
of culture.
Mathesius, Vilem See Prague school.
Metz, Christian (1931–93) was a French linguist and structuralist
semiotician influenced in particular by Hjelmslev and Lacan.
Metz focused on film semiotics, in particular in relation to
cinematic codes. The concepts he is associated with include
the grande syntagmatique, ‘the imaginary signifier’, intercodical
relations and spectator positioning.
Morris, Charles William (1901–79) Morris, an American semiotician
who worked within the Peircean model, defined
semiotics as ‘the science of signs’ (Morris 1938, 1–2). Unlike
Peirce, he included within semiotics the study of communication
by animals and other organisms. He was a behaviourist
who sought to develop a biological approach. His contributions
include the division of semiotics into syntactics (later
called syntax), semantics and pragmatics and the term ‘sign
vehicle’ (for the signifier or representamen).
Moscow school The Moscow linguistics circle was co-founded in
1915 by the Russian linguists Jakobson and Petr Bogatyrev