69249454-chandler-semiotics

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world. Poststructuralist theorists include Derrida, Foucault,
the later Lacan, Kristeva and the later Barthes.
Prague school This influential structuralist and functionalist group of
linguists/semioticians was established in 1926 in Prague by
Czech and Russian linguists. Principal members of this group
included: Vilem Mathesius (1882–1946), Bohuslav Havránek
(1893–1978), Sergei Karcevski (1884–1955), Jan Mukarovsky
(1891–1975), Nikolai Trubetzkoy (1890–1938) and Jakobson.
It was functionalist in analysing semiotic systems in relation to
social functions such as communication rather than treating
them purely as autonomous forms (in contrast to Saussure and
Hjelmslev). While they are known for their identification of the
‘distinctive features’ of language, these theorists also explored
culture and aesthetics.
Propp, Vladimir* (1895–1970) Russian narrative theorist best
known for his influential book, The Morphology of the Folktale
(1928).
Saussure, Ferdinand de (1857–1913) Swiss-born founder of
modern linguistics. Founder of the structuralist tradition of
semiology who envisaged it as ‘a science which studies the
role of signs as part of social life’.
Sebeok, Thomas (1920–2001) was an American linguist, anthropologist
and semiotician who worked within the Peircean
semiotic tradition of ‘the doctrine of signs’, rejecting the
linguistic tradition of Saussure as ‘the minor tradition’. He was
initially influenced by Jakobson and Morris. He had a particular
interest in animal communication, for which he introduced
the term zoosemiotics.
Shklovsky,Victor See Moscow school.
structuralism The primary concern of the structuralists is with relational
systems or structures which are seen as ‘languages’.
Structuralists search for ‘deep structures’ underlying the surface
features of phenomena (such as language, society, thought and
behaviour). Their analysis of texts and cultural practices seeks
to delineate underlying codes and rules by comparing those perceived
as belonging to the same system (e.g. a genre) and identifying
invariant constituent units. The structuralists include: