69249454-chandler-semiotics

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GLOSSARY 249 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1222 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7222 such as those of science, law, government, medicine, journalism and morality. A discourse is a system of representation consisting of a set of representational codes (including a distinctive interpretive repertoire of concepts, tropes and myths) for constructing and maintaining particular forms of reality within the ontological domain (or topic) defined as relevant to its concerns. Representational codes thus reflect relational principles underlying the symbolic order of the ‘discursive field’. See also interpretive community, representation, signifying practices. discourse community See interpretive community. dominant (or ‘hegemonic’) code and reading Within Stuart Hall’s framework, this is an ideological code in which the decoder fully shares the text’s code and accepts and reproduces the preferred reading (a reading which may not have been the result of any conscious intention on the part of the author(s)). See also negotiated code and reading, oppositional code and reading, preferred reading. double articulation A semiotic code which has double articulation (as in the case of verbal language) can be analysed into two abstract structural levels. At the level of first articulation the system consists of the smallest meaningful units available (e.g. morphemes or words in a language). These meaningful units are complete signs, each consisting of a signifier and a signified. At the level of second articulation, a semiotic code is divisible into minimal functional units which lack meaning in themselves (e.g. phonemes in speech or graphemes in writing). They are not signs in themselves (the code must have a first level of articulation for these lower units to be combined into meaningful signs). See also articulation of codes, single articulation. elaborated codes See narrowcast codes. élite interpreter Semioticians who reject the investigation of other people’s interpretations privilege what has been called the ‘élite interpreter’ whereas socially oriented semioticians would insist that the exploration of people’s interpretive practices is fundamental to <strong>semiotics</strong>.
250 GLOSSARY empty signifier An ‘empty’ or ‘floating’ signifier is variously defined as a signifier with a vague, highly variable, unspecifiable or nonexistent signified. Such signifiers mean different things to different people: they may stand for many or even any signifieds; they may mean whatever their interpreters want them to mean. See also signifier, transcendent(al) signified. encoding The production of texts by encoders with reference to relevant codes. Encoding involves foregrounding some meanings and backgrounding others. See also codes, decoding. expressive function See functions of signs. foregrounding, stylistic This term was used by the Prague school linguists to refer to a stylistic feature in which signifiers in a text attract attention to themselves rather than simulating transparency in representing their signifieds. This primarily serves a ‘poetic’ function (being used ‘for its own sake’) rather than a ‘referential’ function. See also denaturalization, reflexivity. functions of signs In Jakobson’s model of linguistic communication, the dominance of any one of six factors within an utterance reflects a different linguistic function: referential, oriented towards the context; expressive, oriented towards the addresser; conative, oriented towards the addressee; phatic, oriented towards the contact; metalingual, oriented towards the code; poetic, oriented towards the message. hegemonic code See dominant (or ‘hegemonic’) code and reading. homology See isomorphism. iconic A mode in which the signifier is perceived as resembling or imitating the signified (recognizably looking, sounding, feeling, tasting or smelling like it) – being similar in possessing some of its qualities. See also indexical, isomorphism, symbolic. ideal readers This is a term often used to refer to the roles in which readers of a text are ‘positioned’ as subjects through the use of particular modes of address. For Eco this term is not intended to suggest a ‘perfect’ reader who entirely echoes any authorial
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viii CONTENTS Iconic mode 40 Indexi
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PREFACE xv 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10
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INTRODUCTION 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9
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INTRODUCTION 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9
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INTRODUCTION 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9
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INTRODUCTION 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9
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INTRODUCTION 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222
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14 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS THE SAUSSU
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16 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS (ibid., 10
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18 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS erase it i
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20 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS signified
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40 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS ICONIC MOD
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42 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS represent
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44 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS 1988, 1-3)
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46 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS ‘fixing
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50 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS From a sem
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56 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS forms of r
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SIGNS AND THINGS 61 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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ANALYSING STRUCTURES 85 1 2 3 4 5 6
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ANALYSING STRUCTURES 101 1 2 3 4 5
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124 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS 32). To s
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126 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS idealism
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140 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS signifier
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144 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS of innoce
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CODES 149 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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CODES 151 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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CODES 153 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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CODES 155 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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CODES 157 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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CODES 159 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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CODES 161 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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CODES 163 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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CODES 165 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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CODES 167 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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CODES 171 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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176 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS FIGURE 6.
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196 SEMIOTICS: THE BASICS structure
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Page 232 and 233: PROSPECT AND RETROSPECT 213 1 2 3 4
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Page 247 and 248: 228 APPENDIX Brøndal, Viggo See Co
Page 249 and 250: 230 APPENDIX Jakobson, Roman (1896-
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Page 259 and 260: 240 GOING FURTHER Thibault 1997, Do
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Page 264 and 265: GLOSSARY 245 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 1
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INDEX 299 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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INDEX 305 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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INDEX 307 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8222 9 10 1
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