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A Framework for Indicators and Decisionmaking 147
and evaluation and research to provide more reliable understanding of
how neighborhoods function and how community interventions work
to affect results.
How well is the field moving toward this vision? The next two chapters
provide examples that offer a basis for making that assessment.
Notes
1. The need for this broader view is also reflected in lesson 8 of the review of the
social indicators field by Cobb and Rixford (1998, 23).
2. See a discussion of its recommended use in national security planning by Brown
(1968). Also see Quay (2012).
3. New York City’s CompStat, which focused only on police department performance,
was actually the initial model (Behn 2008).
References
Auspos, Patricia, and Anne C. Kubisch. 2012. Performance Management in Complex,
Place-Based Work. Washington, DC: Aspen Roundtable on Community Change.
Avin, Uri. 2012. “Tools for Building Scenarios: Sorting Out What to Use When.” Planning
December: 40–43.
Behn, Robert D. 2008. The Seven Big Errors of PerformanceStat. Rappaport Institute/
Taubman Center policy brief. Cambridge, MA: John F. Kennedy School of Government,
Harvard University.
Boardman, Anthony E., David H. Greenberg, Aidan R. Vining, and David L. Weimer.
2001. Cost Benefit Analysis: Concepts and Practice. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
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Bridgespan Group. 2012. The Next Generation of Community Revitalization: A Work in
Progress. Boston: The Bridgespan Group, Inc.
Brophy, Paul C. 2011. Community Development in Milwaukee: An Assessment and Recommendations.
Baltimore: Brophy and Reilly, LLC.
Brown, Seyom. 1968. “Scenarios in Systems Analysis.” In Systems Analysis and Policy
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Cobb, Clifford W., and Craig Rixford. 1998. Lessons Learned from the History of Social
Indicators. San Francisco: Redefining Progress.
Connel, James P., Anne C. Kubisch, Lisbeth Schorr, and Carol H. Weiss, eds. 1995. New
Approaches to Evaluating Community Initiatives: Concepts, Methods and Context.
Washington, DC: Aspen Institute.
Culhane, Dennis P., John Fantuzzo, Heather L. Rouse, Vicky Tam, and Jonathan Lukens.
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