WATERING THE NEIGHBOUR'S GARDEN: THE GROWING - CICRED

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144 M. BHAT - F. ZAVIER seven percent when the normal SRB is varied from 106 to 103. Nonetheless, these results amply show that a majority of the users of PNDT in India do not misuse it to abort female foetuses. Table 5 Reported and adjusted use of prenatal diagnostic technologies and estimated percentage of females foetuses aborted after the use of these technologies by selected background characteristics, NFHS-2, 1998-99 Variable Births (%) subjected to PNDT Sample births ReportedAdjusted Sex ratio at birth PNDT All not PNDT births reported reported Female foetuses (%) aborted after PNDT Est. 1 Est. 2 Total 32,228 12.8 13.9 107.7 107.1 111.8 6.1 16.9 ANC status at pregnancy No ANC 10,987 0.0 0.0 102.4 102.4 0.0 0.0 ANC by doctor 15,745 24.5 27.0 112.6 113.1 111.1 5.5 22.8 ANC by others Residence 5,395 5.0 5.3 104.7 104.0 119.5 12.1 12.1 Rural 25,064 7.7 8.8 107.6 107.4 109.8 4.4 24.4 Urban Region 7,164 30.8 31.8 108.1 105.7 113.6 7.5 8.9 East 4,421 5.0 8.7 114.2 114.6 106.5 1.4 62.8 South 6,132 27.9 27.9 102.0 102.7 100.2 0.0 0.0 West 4,421 26.0 27.3 108.8 107.1 113.9 7.8 12.6 North-West 2,047 17.2 22.0 119.2 114.6 144.4 27.3 46.7 North-Central Birth order 15,211 4.6 5.2 106.4 105.5 126.4 16.9 24.3 1 9,299 20.8 21.8 106.9 108.3 101.8 0.0 10.3 2 8,333 15.5 16.9 108.9 108.8 109.3 3.9 19.4 3 5,708 9.3 10.5 108.0 106.3 126.1 16.7 25.2 4+ 8,892 4.3 5.3 107.3 105.3 166.9 37.1 40.0 Sex composition of sibling All sisters, no brother 7,874 13.9 18.9 119.1 116.2 138.7 24.3 51.2 All brothers, no sister 7,176 11.7 11.7 100.5 100.3 102.2 0.0 0.0 Other combinations Religion 17,182 12.8 13.2 105.9 106.2 104.0 0.0 7.2 Hindus 25,534 12.2 13.5 108.3 107.4 114.7 8.5 21.1 Muslims 5,042 12.0 12.0 101.4 101.8 98.0 0.0 0.0 Others Castes 1,570 26.1 28.3 111.9 112.5 110.2 4.8 19.9 Scheduled caste/tribe 9,491 6.3 7.8 108.7 108.8 107.7 2.5 35.8 Other backward caste 10,358 14.0 14.1 105.4 105.3 106.6 1.5 2.9 Others 12,000 17.4 19.2 110.0 108.7 116.5 9.9 22.0 (Table continues on the following page)
FACTORS INFLUENCING <strong>THE</strong> USE OF PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES … Table 5 Reported and adjusted use of prenatal diagnostic technologies and estimated percentage of females foetuses aborted after the use of these technologies by selected background characteristics, NFHS-2, 1998-99 (continued) Births (%) subjected to PNDT Sex ratio at birth PNDT not reported Female foetuses (%) aborted after PNDT PNDT reported Est. 1 Est. 2 Variable Sample births ReportedAdjusted All births Parents' educational level Both parents illiterate 8,922 2.7 2.8 105.1 105.3 96.7 0.0 10.2 Only father literate 9,890 5.3 5.7 104.3 103.4 121.5 13.6 13.6 Mother < middle 5,821 14.2 14.2 103.2 103.3 102.5 0.0 0.0 Mother ≥ middle Standard of living 7,510 33.8 37.6 119.0 121.4 114.2 8.1 27.8 Low SLI 11,638 3.8 4.5 105.9 106.5 93.9 0.0 24.6 Medium SLI 15,068 11.8 12.2 106.1 106.0 107.4 2.2 8.4 High SLI 5,125 35.8 38.8 116.2 114.2 120.0 12.5 23.3 Mother's media exposure No exposure 15,314 2.7 2.9 105.2 104.9 115.9 9.4 9.4 Regular exposure Mother's work status 16,885 22.0 23.7 110.0 109.7 111.3 5.7 18.0 Not working 22,282 14.9 16.7 109.8 108.6 116.3 9.7 23.9 Working, not for wage 5,135 9.1 9.1 104.1 104.7 97.9 0.0 0.0 Working for wage 4,804 7.4 7.4 102.4 103.2 91.9 0.0 0.0 Mother's ideal family size 1-2 15,480 21.5 24.4 113.8 114.3 112.1 6.4 28.0 3 8,675 5.8 7.7 109.5 108.8 120.7 13.0 43.8 4+ or non-numeric 8,073 3.9 3.9 95.1 95.1 96.2 0.0 0.0 Source: NFHS-2 micro data. It is useful to investigate whether the use of PNDT and its misuse vary according to background characteristics of women. Table 5 presents information on them. The estimates presented in this table are computed assuming a normal SRB of 105. For India as whole, the SRB of 112 among those who used PNDT indicates that six percent of female foetuses were aborted after PNDT. But if it is assumed that some of those who did not use PNDT may have actually used it the estimated percentage of female foetuses aborted rises to seventeen percent, and the adjusted use of PNDT is fourteen instead of thirteen percent. Those who did not avail antenatal care (ANC) services clearly could not have used PNDT and resorted to female foeticide. Their SRB of 102 also testifies to this. But the SRB among those who availed ANC from a doctor is 112. Twenty-five percent of them had reported 145
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WATERING THE NEIGHBOUR’S GARDEN:
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Chapters in this volume originate f
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List of Authors Sutapa AGRAWAL is P
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Foreword The rampant demographic ma
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Isab
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Introduction Isabelle ATTANÉ and C
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INTRODUCTION 3 point to an unexpect
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INTRODUCTION 5 women to avoid unwan
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INTRODUCTION 7 to estimate the cont
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INTRODUCTION 9 a feature common amo
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INTRODUCTION 11 women and may in tu
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INTRODUCTION 13 covering other regi
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INTRODUCTION 15 ratio at birth. Tha
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INTRODUCTION 17 Figure 2 Research l
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INTRODUCTION 19 This is no doubt an
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INTRODUCTION 21 References ATTANÉ
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Part I RECENT TRENDS IN SEX RATIO I
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26 LI S.-WEI Y.- JIANG Q. - M. W. F
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Sex Ratio at Birth and Excess Femal
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SEX RATIO AT BIRTH AND EXCESS FEMAL
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A Sharp Increase in Sex Ratio at Bi
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A SHARP INCREASE IN SEX RATIO AT BI
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Son Preference, Female Deficit and
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194 KIM D.S. -SONG Y.J. maintained
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198 KIM D.S. -SONG Y.J. and educati
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200 KIM D.S. -SONG Y.J. dents in ea
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202 KIM D.S. -SONG Y.J. behaviour i
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Part III LOCAL PERSPECTIVES ON GEND
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208 L. BOSSEN to support their husb
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210 L. BOSSEN The period of rural c
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212 L. BOSSEN throughout their live
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214 Figure 1 County sex ratio by bi
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216 L. BOSSEN The local demand for
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218 Table 3 Huang Tu Village change
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220 L. BOSSEN lineage which has the
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222 L. BOSSEN outside the patriline
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224 L. BOSSEN officials have not ye
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226 L. BOSSEN to households in its
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228 L. BOSSEN LI Shuzuo, FELDMAN Ma
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230 WU H. -M. FELDMAN -JIN X. -LI S
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Discrimination from Conception to C
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DISCRIMINATION FROM CONCEPTION TO C
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Is Son Preference Emerging among th
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IS SON PREFERENCE EMERGING AMONG TH
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Vulnerable Daughters in a Modernizi
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VULNERABLE DAUGHTERS IN A MODERNIZI
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Interventions to Balance Sex Ratio
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INTERVENTIONS TO BALANCE SEX RATIO
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Son Preference and the Marriage Squ
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SON PREFERENCE AND THE MARRIAGE SQU
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366 G. HUGO -NGUYEN THI H. X. front
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Transnational Migration, Marriage a
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