WATERING THE NEIGHBOUR'S GARDEN: THE GROWING - CICRED

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154 M. BHAT - F. ZAVIER Table 7 Results of logit analysis of determinants of probability of having a male birth NFHS-1, 1992-93 and NFHS-2, 1998-99 (Continued) Births during 0-14 years Births during before survey 1989-92 1996-98 Explanatory variables NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-1 NFHS-2 Region (South = 0) East 0.023 0.043** 0.079** 0.078* West -0.002 0.041* 0.040 0.060 North-West 0.043** 0.090*** 0.129*** 0.147*** North-Central 0.051*** 0.082*** 0.090*** 0.090** Constant 0.110 0.317*** -0.051 0.550 Number of live births 175,815 158,840 53,591 31,353 -2Log-likelihood 243,431 219,726 74,163 43,234 PseudoR2 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005 Notes: *p
FACTORS INFLUENCING <strong>THE</strong> USE OF PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES … ing to female foeticide in the 1980s but had begun to do so in the 1990s. The female-selection situation, characterized by women who had at least one previous child but had no daughter, reduces the probability of male birth, but its effect in the regressions is only mildly significant at ten percent level. Information on the use of PNDT is available only for the recent births from NFHS-2. The regression using this data shows that PNDT use does not have a direct effect on the SRB. To test whether its effect depends on the sex-selection situation, we have interacted its use with dummy variables for male- and female-selection situations. As the results show, when women in male-selection situation (at least one previous birth and no sons) use PNDT, it has strong positive effect on the probability of male birth. Its effect in the case women with femaleselection situation is not in the expected direction (i.e., negative), and also not statistically significant. It may be noted that male-selection situation shows positive effect on the probability of having a male birth even in the absence of PNDT use, indicating that some women must have suppressed its use. Another important result is with respect to the effects of antenatal and delivery care. In both NFHS-1 and NFHS-2, data on antenatal and natal care are available only for the recent births (for the last four years in NFHS-1 and last three years in NFHS-2). Both data sets show that the SRB is higher when trained personnel attend the birth. This is could be due to the reduction in stillbirths when they attend the birth. But number of antenatal care checkups and consumption of iron and folic acid tablets or syrup during pregnancy appear to have no effect on the SRB. Urban residence, educational level, standard of living, exposure to mass media, religion and caste generally do not show statistically significant or consistent relationship in all the regressions. Mothers with high school education or higher have reported lower proportion of males in their births in NFHS-1. But in NFHS-2 they have reported more males in their births, and the effect is mildly significant in the regression using data for births during 0-14 years before the survey. Mothers working for wage report lower probability of male births in all the regressions but the effect is statistically significant only in data on births during 0-14 years before NFHS-2. The regression results show that the SRB increases as the mothers’ ideal number of children decreases, though in a non-linear fashion. This effect is strongly significant in all the regressions. Also, those who gave non-numeric response to the question on ideal family size had fewer sons. This would seem consistent with the contention of some female activists that incidence 155
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WATERING THE NEIGHBOUR’S GARDEN:
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Chapters in this volume originate f
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List of Authors Sutapa AGRAWAL is P
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Foreword The rampant demographic ma
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Isab
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Introduction Isabelle ATTANÉ and C
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INTRODUCTION 3 point to an unexpect
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INTRODUCTION 5 women to avoid unwan
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INTRODUCTION 7 to estimate the cont
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INTRODUCTION 9 a feature common amo
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INTRODUCTION 11 women and may in tu
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INTRODUCTION 13 covering other regi
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INTRODUCTION 15 ratio at birth. Tha
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INTRODUCTION 17 Figure 2 Research l
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INTRODUCTION 19 This is no doubt an
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INTRODUCTION 21 References ATTANÉ
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Part I RECENT TRENDS IN SEX RATIO I
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26 LI S.-WEI Y.- JIANG Q. - M. W. F
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Sex Ratio at Birth and Excess Femal
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SEX RATIO AT BIRTH AND EXCESS FEMAL
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A Sharp Increase in Sex Ratio at Bi
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A SHARP INCREASE IN SEX RATIO AT BI
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Son Preference, Female Deficit and
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SON PREFERENCE, FEMALE DEFICIT… 2
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SON PREFERENCE, FEMALE DEFICIT… F
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Page 143 and 144: 1. Introduction Factors Influencing
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Part III LOCAL PERSPECTIVES ON GEND
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208 L. BOSSEN to support their husb
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210 L. BOSSEN The period of rural c
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212 L. BOSSEN throughout their live
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214 Figure 1 County sex ratio by bi
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216 L. BOSSEN The local demand for
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218 Table 3 Huang Tu Village change
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220 L. BOSSEN lineage which has the
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222 L. BOSSEN outside the patriline
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224 L. BOSSEN officials have not ye
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226 L. BOSSEN to households in its
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228 L. BOSSEN LI Shuzuo, FELDMAN Ma
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230 WU H. -M. FELDMAN -JIN X. -LI S
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Discrimination from Conception to C
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DISCRIMINATION FROM CONCEPTION TO C
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Is Son Preference Emerging among th
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IS SON PREFERENCE EMERGING AMONG TH
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Vulnerable Daughters in a Modernizi
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VULNERABLE DAUGHTERS IN A MODERNIZI
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Interventions to Balance Sex Ratio
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INTERVENTIONS TO BALANCE SEX RATIO
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Son Preference and the Marriage Squ
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SON PREFERENCE AND THE MARRIAGE SQU
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366 G. HUGO -NGUYEN THI H. X. front
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Transnational Migration, Marriage a
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WATERING THE NEIGHBOUR'S GARDEN: THE GROWING - CICRED

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