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N. ALAM –J. VAN GINNEKEN –A. BOSCH
parison area and in all birth cohorts in the MCH-FP area (but the
difference was not statistically significant in the 1995-99 cohort). In the
third place we compare first male children with higher-order male
children and it can be seen that higher order male children experienced
higher mortality than first male children in both areas in nearly all birth
cohorts. In summary we can say that in general higher order children
experience higher mortality than first born children and this applies,
therefore, also to girls. This is, however, hardly true anymore for girls
in the 1995-1999 cohort.
3.5. Maternal Education and Household Wealth Index and Sex
Differentials in Child Mortality
Table 6a shows that maternal education was not associated with a
reduction in differentials in child mortality over time. There were
hardly any difference in male-to-female child mortality ratios between
mothers who had completed 5 or more grades and mothers who had
not gone to school. This was found to be the case in both areas in all
birth cohorts.
Table 6a Maternal education and male-to-female child mortality ratio, Matlab
HDSS area, 1976-1999
Comparison area MCH-FP area
Education Education
Birth Sex of
cohort child none grade 5+ none grade 5+
1976-79 Female 1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
Male
0.54** 0.64* 0.55** 0.51**
1980-84 Female 1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
Male
0.56** 0.57** 0.58** 0.51**
1985-89 Female 1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
Male
0.57** 0.54* 0.84 0.85
1990-94 Female 1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
Male
0.72** 0.89
0.81 0.73
1995-99 Female 1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
Male
0.81 0.72
1.06 0.91
Notes: - Maternal education analysis excluded children born to mothers having education
grade 1-4. - Male-to-female child mortality ratio controlled for maternal age, household economic
status, religion and number of children of the same women in the same cohort. *P