47. Pakistan Economic Survey 2011-12 - Consultancy Services in ...

Pakistan Economic Survey 2011-12estimated at 27.2 per thousand in 2011-12; in 2008it was 25.0 per thousand. This indicates amarginally improving trend.Similarly, the crude death rate measures the rate ofdeaths per one thousand people in a givenpopulation per year. A crude death rate of less thanten per thousand is considered as low while abovetwenty per thousand is considered as high.According to the World Population Data Sheet2011, the global crude death rate in 2010 was 8persons per thousand. In Pakistan it was 7.3 perthousand in 2011. It is worth mentioning that thecrude death rate decreased from 7.7 per thousandin mid-year 2008 to 7.2 per thousand in mid-year2012, which shows an improving trend (Fig.1).Infant mortality in Pakistan has also improved asthe country experienced a considerable decline inmaternal and infant mortality. Infant mortality was70.20 per thousand in mid year 2008, whichreduced to 69.00 per thousand live births in midyear 2012. The major reason for this decline isprovision of improved health facilities to controldiarrhea and pneumonia which can be fatal forinfants. Nevertheless, this decline is notsignificant, given the repeated pregnancies andbirths. The status of maternal health is improvingin Pakistan. The maternal death rate decreasedfrom 400 per 100,000 live births in 2005-06 to 276per 100,000 live births in 2010. This decline is theresult of the strengthening of the four pillars ofsafe motherhood including family planning,antenatal care, clean safe delivery and essentialobstetrical care.Fig-12.1: Population OverviewCrude Birth & Death Rate3025201510502008 2009 2010 2011 2012Source: National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS)Population Census OrganizationCrude birth rateCrude death ratePopulation (mln)185180175170165160155Some of the selected demographic indicators forthe period (2010-11 and 2011-12) are posted inTable 12.1.Table 12.1: Selected Demographic Indicators2010-11 (1 st July) 2011-12 (1 st July)Total Population (Million) 177.1 180.71Urban Population (Million) 65.3 67.55Rural Population (Million) 111.8 113.16Total Fertility Rate (TFR) 3.5 3.4Crude Birth Rate (Per thousand) 27.5 27.2Crude Death Rate (Per thousand) 7.3 7.2Population Growth Rate (Percent) 2.05 2.03Life Expectancy (Year)- Females 65.8 66.1- Males 63.9 64.3Source: P&D Division, National Institute of Population StudiesThe demographic indicators reflect improvementin the structure of the population and point tofuture trends. There is improvement in lifeexpectancy and a fall in the population growth rate.Increase in life expectancy indicates the provisionof a better living environment and health facilitiesin the country. The decline in fertility and theresultant decline in population growth lead to alower dependency ratio which may help inimproving living standards in the country.However the population growth rate is still higherthan other neighboring countries and is still achallenge for the government.162