47. Pakistan Economic Survey 2011-12 - Consultancy Services in ...

Pakistan Economic Survey 2011-12Motorcycles and rickshaws, due to their two stroke(2-strokes) engines, are the most inefficient inburning fuel and contribute most to emissions. 2-stroke vehicles are responsible for emission of veryfine inhalable particles that settle in lungs andcause respiratory diseases. The 2-stroke vehiclesindustry is fast growing in Pakistan and hasincreased by 117 percent in 2010-11 whencompared with the year 2001-02. Rickshaws havegrown by more than 11.1 percent whilemotorcycles and scooters have posted a growth of120.4 percent over 2001-02, (Table 16.3).Table 16.3—Motor Vehicles on the Road(000 Nos.)Year Total Motorcycles/Scooter Rickshaws2001-02 2561.9 2481.1 80.82002-03 2737.1 2656.2 80.92003-04 2963.5 2882.5 81.02004-05 3146.4 3064.9 81.52005-06 3868.8 3791.0 77.82006-07 4542.9 4463.9 79.02007-08 5126.3 5037.0 89.32008-09 5456.4 5368.0 88.42009-10 5501.2 5412.1 89.12010-11 5558.6 5468.8 89.8Source: National Transport Research CentreThe use of coal in the power sector has beendecreasing. This may be due to the fact that anumber of plants have now been converted tonatural gas. Likewise, there has been a reduction incoal usage for domestic purposes. Bricks kilns areanother source of pollution in many areas. Use oflow-grade coal and old tyres in bricks kilnsgenerate dense black smoke (soot) and other kindof emissions. The use of coal has increased by 64.2percent for bricks kilns in 2010-11 when comparedwith year 2001-02 (Table 16.4).Table 16.4: Consumption of Coal(000 M/Tons)Year Power Brick Kilns Household2001-02 249.4 2577.5 1.12002-03 203.6 2607.0 1.12003-04 184.9 2589.4 1.02004-05 179.9 3906.7 -2005-06 149.3 4221.8 -2006-07 164.4 3277.4 1.02007-08 162.2 3760.7 1.02008-09 112.5 3274.8 0.82009-10 125.5 3035.2 -2010-11 96.5 4231.5 -Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan- : Not AvailableIn the past few years, the CNG Sector has seentremendous growth. 3,331 CNG stations arecurrently operational making Pakistan one of thelargest users of CNG in the world. The use of CNGas an alternate fuel in the transport sector hashelped to reduce air pollution to a considerableextent including reduction of suspended particulatematter (SPM) emitted from the public transport aswell as private vehicles. Since the country is facinga shortage of CNG, other alternative sources suchas LNG are being considered as a part ofenvironment friendly component.240