47. Pakistan Economic Survey 2011-12 - Consultancy Services in ...

Continue to assess how best to positionPakistan vis-a-vis other groups of developingcountries in order to secure adaptation funding;Ensure the access and effective use of theopportunities available internationally foradaptation and mitigation efforts e.g. throughGlobal Climate Fund (GCF), CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM), AdaptationFund (AF), Global Environment Facility(GEF),World Bank’s Forest CarbonPartnership Fund (FCPF), etc.;Establish a Pakistan Climate Change TrustFund for financing climate change relatedprojects;Environment Continue to push for transparent delivery ofnew and additional fast start funding bydeveloped countries; Develop public-corporate-civil societypartnership for financing and implementationof climate change adaptation and mitigationprojects; Create domestic carbon market opportunitiesby introducing appropriate investmentframework linked with regional bankinginstitutions.The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) arethe centerpiece of development efforts of theGovernment of Pakistan. The status of the MDGswith reference to environment sector indicators ispresented below, (Table 16.1).Table 16.1—The MDG targets and achievementsName of Sector/Sub-SectorYear2004-05 2010-11MDG Targets 2015Forests cover including State and private forests/farmlands 4.9 5.17 6.0(%)Area protected for conservation of wildlife (%) 11.3 11.3 12.0No. of petrol & diesel vehicles using CNG fuel (000) 380 2740 920Access to sanitation (national)% 42 48@ 90Access to clean water (national)% 65 92@ 93Number of continuous air pollution monitoring stations. 0 10 --Number of regional offices of Environmental Protection0 4 --AgenciesFunctional Environmental Tribunals 2 3 --Source: Environment Section, P&D Division, @ = Source (WHO/UNICEF)Box­1Climate ChangeClimate change is an area that has become increasingly important in recent years and raises issues of global justiceand equity. Whereas the richer industrialized countries are primarily responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, it isthe poorer developing countries who would most heavily bear the costs of climate change. It is major concern forPakistan because of its large population and economic dependence on primary natural resources. Pakistan’s agrarianeconomy is heavily dependent on river water provided by melting glaciersPakistani cities are facing problems of urban congestion, deteriorating air and water quality and waste managementwhile the rural areas are witnessing rapid deforestation, biodiversity and habitat loss, crop failure, desertification andland degradation. In this regard, the National Climate Change Policy 2011 provides a framework for addressing theissues that Pakistan faces or will face in future due to the changing climate. The policy provides a comprehensiveframework for the development of an action plan for national efforts on adaptation and mitigation. The goal of thepolicy is to ensure that climate change is mainstreamed in the economically and socially vulnerable sectors of theeconomy and to steer Pakistan towards climate resilient developmentThe main objectives of Pakistan’s climate change policy 2011 includeTo pursue the sustained economic growth by appropriately addressing the challenges of climate change237