47. Pakistan Economic Survey 2011-12 - Consultancy Services in ...

Social Safety NetsBox-1Poverty Alleviation and Millennium Development GoalsThe UNDP’s Human Development Report, 2011 ranks Pakistan at 145 th with HDI value of 0.504. The report showsgradual increase in the value of HDI from 0.503 in 2010 and 0.499 in 2009, through Pakistan’s rank has slipped alittle during 2011. Other composite indices place Pakistan at a lower rank. The Inequality Adjusted Poverty Index is0.346 and multi-dimensional poverty index for Pakistan is 0.264. These indices weight inequality and non-incomedimensions of poverty more.Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2010-11 shows mixed results in terms of the educationenrolment indicators. Literacy rate (10+) has improved from 57 percent in 2008-09 to 58 percent and adult literacyimproved from 54 percent to 55 percent in the same period, while Primary and Middle school Gross EnrollmentRate also registered a one percentage point improvement. However, slippage on the primary and secondary NetEnrollment Rate is an area of concern for policy makers, particularly after devolution of the subject to the provinces.Immunization of children also improved during 2011. The PSLM also reported trends in terms of the water supplyand sanitation indicators. Whereas the sanitation situation at household level has registered an improvement (interms of 66 percent of population using flush toilets compared to 63 percent in 2008-09), the access to drinkingwater to urban and rural population of Pakistan is 94 percent and 84 percent respectively, with an average of 87percent in 2011.A committee of poverty experts has been constituted in Planning and Development Division to estimate PovertyHeadcount as well as poverty correlates. The committee is working on its task in a professional ways considering alldimensions of poverty and report of the committee will be available shortly.Source: Planning & Development DivisionProfile of Consumption ExpenditureThe trends in household consumption expenditureprovide an effective insight into understanding thedynamics of poverty in the country. Table-15.2reveals the per capita consumption expenditure inurban/rural areas and by quintiles. The average percapita expenditures for the richest class in theurban areas are more than four and half times thoseof the poor class. Analysis along similar lines forrural areas indicates that these averages are morethan three and half times those of the poor class.The average per capita expenditure is almost thesame for poor in rural and urban areas whereas forthe rich class it is higher in urban areas than in therural areas, indicating that more wealth isconcentrated in urban areas compared to ruralareas.Table-15.2 Per Capita Monthly Household Consumption Expenditure by Quintiles & RegionPer Capita Monthly Household Consumption ExpenditureQuintiles2007-08 2010-11Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total1 st 906 868 874 1441 1426 14282 nd 1216 1208 1210 1985 1966 19703 rd 1547 1522 1529 2469 2468 24684 th 2032 1998 2011 3217 3195 32035 th 4334 3566 3984 6679 5312 6073Ratio of highest to lowest 4.78 4.11 4.56 4.63 3.73 4.25quintilesSource: Federal Bureau of StatisticsTable 15.3 compares the percentage of monthlyconsumption expenditure by commodity groups.The consumption expenditure pattern for differentcommodity groups shows consistent trend from2007-08 to 2010-11. The share of food expenditureis relatively higher compared to the other223