47. Pakistan Economic Survey 2011-12 - Consultancy Services in ...

Pakistan: Flood Impact AssessmentAffairs (UN OCHA), the situation remainsalarming with poor coverage of all essentialsectors. Failure to meet Rabi cultivation will havesevere consequences on farm dependenthouseholds.The UN reported that 2.5 million children and 1.2million women were affected by the floods in2011, while 744,000 people were displaced. With46 percent of health facilities damaged, thevulnerability of women and children haveincreased in the affected areas. The children whoare pushed out of schools are estimated at over733,000. 60 percent schools were damaged inSindh alone. Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI)and skin infections represent major health risks inflood affected areas. Women are at high risk due todisruption in the provision of pre and post natalcare. Migration has taken place largely due to nonavailabilityof fodder in flood affected areas.Approximately, 10-15 percent of the affectedpopulation is engaged in non-farm livelihoods,including fisheries, which are severely affected bythe rains.Water Supply and SanitationThe government of Sindh had indentifiedseventeen (17) districts as flood affected wheredamages needed to be assessed. However, flooddamage data was forthcoming only from thirteen(13) districts. From the Balochistan province flooddamages were reported from Kalat, Lasbela,Nasirabad and Jaffarabad districts, and that too forthe water supply sector only. The most obviousresult from the data compilation is the findingregarding the relative damage distribution amongstthe districts and talukas. In the Sindh province thathas been largely affected in the 2011 floods theShaheed Benazirabad (Nawabshah) district by farshows the most extensive damages both in thepublic water supply and sanitation sectors. Badin,Sanghar and Mirpurkhas districts also showsignificant damages to the water supply relatedinfrastructure and facilities. More damages arereported in the sanitation sector as compared to thewater supply sector. Shaheed Benazirabad(Nawabshah) district is the worst hit accounting for42 percent of the overall damage cost in the publicsanitation sector.Total damages (both direct and indirect) for watersupply and sanitation are estimated at Rs.1,160million and Rs. 43.6 million in Sindh andBalochistan, respectively. Direct damages in Sindhare Rs. 456.6 million in 378 reported schemes inthe flood affected districts. These damages includeRs. 147.6 million for public water supply and Rs.253 million for public sanitation. An amount of Rs56 million for community infrastructure damage isalso included. In Balochistan, water supply andsanitation damages have been assessed at Rs. 43.6million, in a total of 80 schemes. Indirect losses forSindh have been calculated to at Rs 703.6 million.No such loss is calculated for Balochistan due tolack of data. Indirect losses which is derived fromhigher expenditures related to (i) supplying potablewater (tankers, cost of hand pumps, water tanks,purification and disinfection processes), and (ii)cleaning, wells, sewers and pipes; and for the lossof revenue from interrupted water supply services.The total reconstruction cost for water supply andsanitation is estimated at Rs.1,831.7 million andRs.68.5 million for Sindh and Balochistanrespectively.Governance InfrastructureGovernance related institutions in the flood-hitdistricts of Sindh have suffered damage to theirassets, which in turn eroded their already limitedcapacities. In Balochistan, reported damage to thegovernance sector was limited. Flooding caused byrains led to disruption of social and economic lifeand created a crisis. Demand of governance andrelated services in a crisis is much higher and evermore challenging to respond to effectively andpromptly. Governance sector institutions inPakistan, even before the disaster, faced manychallenges.Governance institutions in the 17 affected districtsof Sindh have reported damage to 648 facilitiesincluding offices and residences. Aggregatecovered area damaged or destroyed has beenestimated to be slightly below 3 million squarefeet. In Balochistan, the 5 affected districts havereported damage to 18 buildings. The worst hitdistrict in Sindh is Mirpurkhas where estimate ofaggregate affected covered area is 845,000 sq feet,followed by Sanghar (299,000), Tharparkar255