47. Pakistan Economic Survey 2011-12 - Consultancy Services in ...

Pakistan Economic Survey 2011-12REDD+. The government is striving to reversethese negative trends and aiming to increasePakistan’s forest cover to 6 percent by 2015.The total carbon stock of conifer forests could beestimated as 58 mega tons on the basis of biomassestimations by Asia Least cost Greenhouse GasAbatement Strategy (ALGAS). On the bases ofFAO Deforestation data 1990-2005 and ALGAS,389 mega tons of carbon potential could beestimated for all types of forests in Pakistan withan estimated annual return of US$ 54 million at arate of US$ 15 per tonne of carbon credits 2 . Otherestimates by Leadership for Environment andDevelopment (LEAD) 2010 3 points to potentialearnings of between $94.74 million and $315.8million per year if deforestation is haltedcompletely. This estimate reflects the limited dataavailable and provides only an indicative estimate.The actual potential could be far greater,depending on the carbon price and the sectorsincluded under REDD+.Pakistan’s efforts with regard to the REDD+initiative need to be significantly enhanced on apriority basis in order to achieve the global targetand meet the basic requirements of REDD+readiness phase. As Pakistan faces a high rate ofdeforestation and aims to reverse this trend, theactive engagement in REDD+ is a uniqueopportunity to support this national priority.However, this needs to be driven by a focusedstrategic plan and supported by a scaling up ofnational technical and institutional capacity to dealwith REDD+ mechanism.Mangroves Ecosystem and Coastal ResourcesThe coastal belt of Pakistan extends up to 1,050km along Sindh and Balochistan provinces. Thetotal population in and around mangrove forests onthe coast of Pakistan is estimated to be around 1.2million people, nearly 900,000 of whom reside inthe Indus Delta 4 . At least three quarters of theDelta’s rural population depend, directly or2 Iqbal. K.M.J., and Ahmad. M., (2011) SDPI, PolicyPaper Series # 38 September 20113 LEAD (2010) REDD+ Policy Brief 4. LEAD-Pakistan4 (Salman 2002), and Sindh Forest Department 2012.indirectly on fishing as their main source ofincome.Pakistan’s commercial marine fisheries operate inand around the mangrove creeks on the coast ofSindh province. The annual value of fish caughtfrom mangrove dependent fish species in the IndusDelta is estimated at around $20 million. Shrimpsare also particularly important, with a domesticvalue of $70 million and an export value of aboutone and a half times this figure, and the export ofmud crabs contributes an additional $3 million tothe regional economy.Beside these economic benefits, the mangroveforest benefits the ecosystem by providingnurseries for many species of fish and shrimp,stabilize shorelines and reduce coastal erosion, andprotect coastal habitations from storm damage. Itprovides grazing grounds to at least 8,000 camels,5,000 buffaloes and over 1,000 goats, in additionto providing other forest products like fuel wood,honey, and medicinal plants to local communities.It is estimated that one hectare of properlymanaged mangroves can yield 100 kg of fish, 25kg of shrimp, and 15kg of crab meat annually.Mangrove Forest DegradationThe most prominent and most sensitive ecosystemof the region is characterized by mangroves forestthat form a number of direct and indirect linkageswith the socioeconomic status and occupationsadopted by the community. The figures from SindhForest Department (SFD) and IUCN-Pakistanestimated that 196,000 ha of mangrove forest inPakistan has been lost up to 2007. According to thechange analysis done by WWF-Pakistan at KetiBunder site through satellite imaging, themangrove cover has experienced a drastic declineof 20 percent, from 1992 to 2007.Moreover, the creeks are also perceived to widenin future due to exacerbation of soil erosion alongthe Arabian Sea, which forces the mangrove foresttowards instability and this instability trend hasbeen continuous from 1992 to 2007, with a verynominal percentage of dense mangrove forestsremaining stable during this time period. SimilarlyWWF-Pakistan also reported that the 0.5 millionComment [MM15]: what's this? per tonne?244