Technologies and Costs for Removal of Arsenic From Drinking Water

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Table B6.1 - Base Costs Obtained from the Water Model for Package Conventional TreatmentCost ComponentFilter Area (ft2)Capital Cost2 12 20 40 112 150 CategoryExcavation & Sitework $3,500 $3,500 $4,700 $5,800 $7,000 $9,300 cManufactured Equipment $31,000 $44,900 $53,500 $111,300 $176,600 $190,500 pConcrete $1,000 $1,000 $1,500 $4,500 $5,700 $6,800 pLabor $9,900 $14,700 $17,500 $36,400 $57,800 $62,400 cPipes and Valves $4,200 $8,300 $10,400 $20,900 $29,200 $41,700 pElectrical $3,200 $4,500 $5,300 $11,100 $17,600 $19,000 pHousing $18,600 $18,600 $23,400 $45,000 $47,500 $52,500 pSubtotal $71,400 $95,500 $116,300 $235,000 $341,400 $382,200Contingencies $10,700 $14,300 $17,400 $35,300 $51,200 $57,300 cTotal $82,100 $109,800 $133,700 $270,300 $392,600 $439,500Table B6.2 - Water Model Base Construction Cost Analysis for Package Conventional TreatmentCost Component2 12Filter Area (ft2)Average20 40 112 150 PercentExcavation & Sitework 4.26% 3.19% 3.52% 2.15% 1.78% 2.12% 2.84%Manufactured Equipment 37.76% 40.89% 40.01% 41.18% 44.98% 43.34% 41.36%Concrete 1.22% 0.91% 1.12% 1.66% 1.45% 1.55% 1.32%Labor 12.06% 13.39% 13.09% 13.47% 14.72% 14.20% 13.49%Pipes and Valves 5.12% 7.56% 7.78% 7.73% 7.44% 9.49% 7.52%Electrical 3.90% 4.10% 3.96% 4.11% 4.48% 4.32% 4.15%Housing 22.66% 16.94% 17.50% 16.65% 12.10% 11.95% 16.30%Contingencies 13.03% 13.02% 13.01% 13.06% 13.04% 13.04% 13.03%Total 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%International Consultants, Inc.Contract 68-C6-0039 B-6February 1999Water Model Capital Cost Breakdown
Table B7.1 - Base Costs Obtained from the Water Model for Ferric Chloride FeedCost ComponentMaximum Feed Rate (lb/day)Capital Cost1 10 25 50 100 250 750 CategoryStorage Tank $0 $0 $0 $0 $360 $780 $2,040 pWooden Stairway $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $300 $300 pMetering Pump $390 $390 $390 $390 $390 $1,090 $1,100 pPipes and Valves $180 $180 $180 $180 $220 $280 $280 pLabor $120 $120 $130 $130 $210 $360 $410 cElectrical $80 $80 $80 $80 $100 $120 $120 pSubtotal $770 $770 $780 $780 $1,280 $2,930 $4,250Contingencies $120 $120 $120 $120 $190 $440 $640 cTotal $890 $890 $900 $900 $1,470 $3,370 $4,890Table B7.2 - Water Model Base Construction Cost Analysis for Ferric Chloride FeedCost Component1 10 25Maximum Feed Rate (lb/day)Average50 100 250 750 PercentStorage Tank 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 24.49% 23.15% 41.72% 12.76%Wooden Stairway 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.90% 6.13% 2.15%Metering Pump 43.82% 43.82% 43.33% 43.33% 26.53% 32.34% 22.49% 36.53%Pipes and Valves 20.22% 20.22% 20.00% 20.00% 14.97% 8.31% 5.73% 15.64%Labor 13.48% 13.48% 14.44% 14.44% 14.29% 10.68% 8.38% 12.74%Electrical 8.99% 8.99% 8.89% 8.89% 6.80% 3.56% 2.45% 6.94%Contingencies 13.48% 13.48% 13.33% 13.33% 12.93% 13.06% 13.09% 13.24%Total 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%International Consultants, Inc.Contract 68-C6-0039 B-7February 1999Water Model Capital Cost Breakdown
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United StatesEnvironmental Protecti
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis document was pr
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2.5.7 Reverse Osmosis .............
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5.0 POINT-OF-ENTRY/POINT-OF-USE TRE
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LIST OF FIGURES2-1 Pressure Driven
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LIST OF ACRONYMSAAAWWAAWWARFBLSBVC/
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POUpoint-of-useppbparts per billion
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# Alternative treatment processes s
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ends up as ferric hydroxide. In alu
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Optimization Hierarchy for Coagulat
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Substantial arsenic removal has bee
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Vickers et al. (1997) reported that
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was reduced to 0.05 mg/L when the i
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Field StudiesSurveys of lime soften
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Effect of pHpH may have significant
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RegenerationRegeneration of AA beds
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een developed provide important inf
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applicability of IX at a particular
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TABLE 2-1Typical IX Resins for Arse
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solution strength. Arsenic elutes r
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2.4.12 Typical Design ParametersThr
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2.5.2 Important Factors for Membran
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arsenic size distribution to correl
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AWWARF (1998) also performed UF pil
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presumably due to changes in electr
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RO performance is adversely affecte
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TABLE 2-10Arsenic Removal with RO a
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eversal is the decreased potential
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2.6 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES2.6.1 I
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20 mg As per gram of iron was remov
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The most significant weakness of th
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3.0 TECHNOLOGY COSTS3.1 INTRODUCTIO
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included in the estimates presented
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Table 3-3Water Model Capital Cost B
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3.2.3 Implementing TDP Recommended
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sources. The September 1998 index v
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Amortization, or capital recovery,
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3.3 ADDITIONAL CAPITAL COSTSThe cos
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PilotingThe Technology Design Panel
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The 1993 Technology and Cost Docume
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cause disinfection by-product (DBP)
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Figure 3-1Pre-oxidation - 1.5 mg/L
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3.6 PRECIPITATIVE PROCESSES3.6.1 Co
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enhanced coagulation treatment plan
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Figure 3-4Enhanced Coagulation/Filt
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Small Systems (Less than 1 mgd)The
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Figure 3-6Coagulation Assisted Micr
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3.6.6 Enhanced Lime SofteningEnhanc
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Figure 3-8Enhanced Lime SofteningO&
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3. Empty Bed Contact Time (EBCT) is
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For design flows greater than 1 mgd
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Figure 3-9Activated AluminaCapital
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Figure 3-11Activated Alumina (pH 8
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Figure 3-13Activated Alumina (pH Ad
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3.7.2 Granular Ferric HydroxideGran
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6. The capital costs include a redu
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Figure 3-15Bed Volumes to Arsenic B
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Figure 3-17Anion Exchange (< 20 mg/
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Figure 3-19Anion Exchange (20-50 mg
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quality feed stream and often requi
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Figure 3-20Greensand FiltrationCapi
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3.11 COMPARISON OF COSTSThe April 1
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4.0 RESIDUALS HANDLING AND DISPOSAL
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mechanical dewatering processes. Wh
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Storage lagoons are best suited for
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the current Industrial Pretreatment
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4.3.3 Dewatered Sludge Land Applica
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usually determined by the Paint Fil
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for arsenic toxicity by a substanti
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The solids content of the backwash
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carbonate hardness removal produces
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Domestic sewage means untreated san
Page 151 and 152: 4.4.10 Reverse OsmosisReverse osmos
Page 153 and 154: Figure 4-1Anion Exchange (< 20 mg/L
Page 155 and 156: Figure 4-3Anion Exchange (20-50 mg/
Page 157 and 158: Figure 4-5Coagulation Assisted Micr
Page 159 and 160: Figure 4-7Coagulation Assisted Micr
Page 161 and 162: Figure 4-9Activated Alumina (pH 7 -
Page 163 and 164: Figure 4-11Activated Alumina (pH Ad
Page 165 and 166: Figure 4-13Greensand FiltrationWast
Page 167 and 168: 5.0 POINT-OF-ENTRY/POINT-OF-USE TRE
Page 169 and 170: chromatographic peaking, which occu
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Page 173 and 174: Manufacturer and laboratory data su
Page 175 and 176: Figure 5-2POU Reverse OsmosisO&M Co
Page 177 and 178: # Installation time - 1 hour unskil
Page 179 and 180: Figure 5-3POU Activated AluminaTota
Page 181 and 182: 6.0 REFERENCESAmy, G.L. and P. Bran
Page 183 and 184: Cooperative Research Centres for Wa
Page 185 and 186: Fuller, C.C., J.A. Davis, G.W. Zell
Page 187 and 188: Le, X.C., and M. Ma (1998). “Dete
Page 189 and 190: Scott, K., J. Green, H.D. Do and S.
Page 191: Appendix AVery Small Systems Capita
Page 194 and 195: Table A4 - VSS Document Capital Cos
Page 197 and 198: Table B1.1 - Base Costs Obtained fr
Page 201: Table B5.1 - Base Costs Obtained fr
Page 207 and 208: Table B11.1 - Base Costs Obtained f
Page 209 and 210: Table B13.1 - Base Costs Obtained f
Page 211: Appendix CW/W Cost Model Capital Co
Page 214 and 215: Table C2.1 - Base Costs Obtained fr
Page 222 and 223: Table C10.1 - Base Costs Obtained f
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Page 243 and 244: APPENDIX D: BASIS FOR REVISED ACTIV
Page 245 and 246: Company case study is 18 minutes (2
Page 247 and 248: egressed against their respective v
Page 249 and 250: costs for small systems is as follo
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Basis. Capital cost components incl
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The source water at Plant D has the
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equation y = (2*10 -8 )x 2 + 0.0002
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The maximum run length is 18,500 be
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Since the available arsenic capacit
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If the first column can be operated
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which includes lighting, ventilatio
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disposal costs, if needed, are cove
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Appendix EBasis for Revised Anion E
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2. The estimated cost of the anion
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9. The capital costs have been esti
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Thus, the cost of a road and fence
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length when sulfate is at or below
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the labor rates for both large and
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2. US EPA. Technologies and Costs f
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Technologies and Costs for Removal of Arsenic From Drinking Water

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