Technologies and Costs for Removal of Arsenic From Drinking Water

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Table C12.1 - Base Costs Obtained from the WATERCO$T Model for Horizontal Paddle, G=80Cost ComponentTotal Basin Volume (ft3)Capital Cost1,800 10,000 25,000 100,000 500,000 CategoryExcavation & Sitework $470 $2,550 $4,290 $9,970 $40,080 cManufactured Equipment $12,140 $34,210 $44,360 $115,770 $427,670 pConcrete $1,400 $7,610 $12,740 $29,770 $120,280 pSteel $2,360 $12,550 $20,440 $46,500 $175,290 pLabor $7,080 $22,190 $32,370 $90,170 $289,520 pElectrical $6,980 $28,320 $28,320 $28,320 $141,610 pContingencies $4,560 $16,110 $21,380 $48,080 $179,170 cTotal $34,990 $123,540 $163,900 $368,580 $1,373,620Table C12.2 - WATERCO$T Model Base Construction Cost Analysis for Horizontal Paddle, G=80Cost ComponentTotal Basin Volume (ft3)Average1,800 10,000 25,000 100,000 500,000 PercentExcavation & Sitework 1.34% 2.06% 2.62% 2.70% 2.92% 2.33%Manufactured Equipment 34.70% 27.69% 27.07% 31.41% 31.13% 30.40%Concrete 4.00% 6.16% 7.77% 8.08% 8.76% 6.95%Steel 6.74% 10.16% 12.47% 12.62% 12.76% 10.95%Labor 20.23% 17.96% 19.75% 24.46% 21.08% 20.70%Electrical 19.95% 22.92% 17.28% 7.68% 10.31% 15.63%Contingencies 13.03% 13.04% 13.04% 13.04% 13.04% 13.04%Total 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%International Consultants, Inc.Contract 68-C6-0039 C-12February 1999W/W Cost Model Capital Cost Breakdown
Table C13.1 - Base Costs Obtained from the WATERCO$T Model for Hydraulic Surface WashCost ComponentTotal Filter Area (ft2)Capital Cost140 700 1,400 7,000 14,000 28,000 CategoryManufactured Equipment $9,170 $12,050 $35,090 $82,010 $172,440 $401,200 pLabor $1,300 $2,770 $5,170 $14,710 $29,430 $66,600 cPipes and Valves $2,570 $5,100 $7,020 $13,390 $32,290 $59,870 pElectrical $12,670 $17,920 $20,440 $37,900 $61,120 $92,360 pContingencies $3,860 $5,680 $10,160 $22,200 $44,290 $93,000 cTotal $29,570 $43,520 $77,880 $170,210 $339,570 $713,030Table C13.2 - WATERCO$T Model Base Construction Cost Analysis for Hydraulic Surface WashCost ComponentTotal Filter Area (ft2)Average140 700 1,400 7,000 14,000 28,000 PercentManufactured Equipment 31.01% 27.69% 45.06% 48.18% 50.78% 56.27% 43.16%Labor 4.40% 6.36% 6.64% 8.64% 8.67% 9.34% 7.34%Pipes and Valves 8.69% 11.72% 9.01% 7.87% 9.51% 8.40% 9.20%Electrical 42.85% 41.18% 26.25% 22.27% 18.00% 12.95% 27.25%Contingencies 13.05% 13.05% 13.05% 13.04% 13.04% 13.04% 13.05%Total 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%International Consultants, Inc.Contract 68-C6-0039 C-13February 1999W/W Cost Model Capital Cost Breakdown
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United StatesEnvironmental Protecti
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis document was pr
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2.5.7 Reverse Osmosis .............
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5.0 POINT-OF-ENTRY/POINT-OF-USE TRE
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LIST OF FIGURES2-1 Pressure Driven
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LIST OF ACRONYMSAAAWWAAWWARFBLSBVC/
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POUpoint-of-useppbparts per billion
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# Alternative treatment processes s
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ends up as ferric hydroxide. In alu
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Optimization Hierarchy for Coagulat
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Substantial arsenic removal has bee
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Vickers et al. (1997) reported that
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was reduced to 0.05 mg/L when the i
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Field StudiesSurveys of lime soften
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Effect of pHpH may have significant
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RegenerationRegeneration of AA beds
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een developed provide important inf
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applicability of IX at a particular
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TABLE 2-1Typical IX Resins for Arse
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solution strength. Arsenic elutes r
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2.4.12 Typical Design ParametersThr
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2.5.2 Important Factors for Membran
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arsenic size distribution to correl
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AWWARF (1998) also performed UF pil
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presumably due to changes in electr
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RO performance is adversely affecte
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TABLE 2-10Arsenic Removal with RO a
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eversal is the decreased potential
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2.6 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES2.6.1 I
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20 mg As per gram of iron was remov
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The most significant weakness of th
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3.0 TECHNOLOGY COSTS3.1 INTRODUCTIO
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included in the estimates presented
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Table 3-3Water Model Capital Cost B
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3.2.3 Implementing TDP Recommended
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sources. The September 1998 index v
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Amortization, or capital recovery,
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3.3 ADDITIONAL CAPITAL COSTSThe cos
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PilotingThe Technology Design Panel
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The 1993 Technology and Cost Docume
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cause disinfection by-product (DBP)
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Figure 3-1Pre-oxidation - 1.5 mg/L
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3.6 PRECIPITATIVE PROCESSES3.6.1 Co
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enhanced coagulation treatment plan
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Figure 3-4Enhanced Coagulation/Filt
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Small Systems (Less than 1 mgd)The
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Figure 3-6Coagulation Assisted Micr
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3.6.6 Enhanced Lime SofteningEnhanc
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Figure 3-8Enhanced Lime SofteningO&
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3. Empty Bed Contact Time (EBCT) is
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For design flows greater than 1 mgd
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Figure 3-9Activated AluminaCapital
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Figure 3-11Activated Alumina (pH 8
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Figure 3-13Activated Alumina (pH Ad
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3.7.2 Granular Ferric HydroxideGran
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6. The capital costs include a redu
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Figure 3-15Bed Volumes to Arsenic B
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Figure 3-17Anion Exchange (< 20 mg/
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Figure 3-19Anion Exchange (20-50 mg
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quality feed stream and often requi
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Figure 3-20Greensand FiltrationCapi
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3.11 COMPARISON OF COSTSThe April 1
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4.0 RESIDUALS HANDLING AND DISPOSAL
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mechanical dewatering processes. Wh
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Storage lagoons are best suited for
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the current Industrial Pretreatment
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4.3.3 Dewatered Sludge Land Applica
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usually determined by the Paint Fil
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for arsenic toxicity by a substanti
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The solids content of the backwash
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carbonate hardness removal produces
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Domestic sewage means untreated san
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4.4.10 Reverse OsmosisReverse osmos
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Figure 4-1Anion Exchange (< 20 mg/L
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Figure 4-3Anion Exchange (20-50 mg/
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Figure 4-9Activated Alumina (pH 7 -
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Figure 4-11Activated Alumina (pH Ad
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Figure 4-13Greensand FiltrationWast
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5.0 POINT-OF-ENTRY/POINT-OF-USE TRE
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chromatographic peaking, which occu
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5.3.1 Case Study 1: Fairbanks, Alas
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Page 175 and 176: Figure 5-2POU Reverse OsmosisO&M Co
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Page 179 and 180: Figure 5-3POU Activated AluminaTota
Page 181 and 182: 6.0 REFERENCESAmy, G.L. and P. Bran
Page 183 and 184: Cooperative Research Centres for Wa
Page 185 and 186: Fuller, C.C., J.A. Davis, G.W. Zell
Page 187 and 188: Le, X.C., and M. Ma (1998). “Dete
Page 189 and 190: Scott, K., J. Green, H.D. Do and S.
Page 191: Appendix AVery Small Systems Capita
Page 194 and 195: Table A4 - VSS Document Capital Cos
Page 197 and 198: Table B1.1 - Base Costs Obtained fr
Page 207 and 208: Table B11.1 - Base Costs Obtained f
Page 209 and 210: Table B13.1 - Base Costs Obtained f
Page 211: Appendix CW/W Cost Model Capital Co
Page 214 and 215: Table C2.1 - Base Costs Obtained fr
Page 222 and 223: Table C10.1 - Base Costs Obtained f
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Page 243 and 244: APPENDIX D: BASIS FOR REVISED ACTIV
Page 245 and 246: Company case study is 18 minutes (2
Page 247 and 248: egressed against their respective v
Page 249 and 250: costs for small systems is as follo
Page 251 and 252: were based on $40/sq ft). The proce
Page 253 and 254: Basis. Capital cost components incl
Page 255 and 256: The source water at Plant D has the
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Page 261 and 262: Since the available arsenic capacit
Page 263 and 264: If the first column can be operated
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Page 267 and 268: disposal costs, if needed, are cove
Page 269: Appendix EBasis for Revised Anion E
Page 272 and 273: 2. The estimated cost of the anion
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9. The capital costs have been esti
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Thus, the cost of a road and fence
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length when sulfate is at or below
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the labor rates for both large and
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2. US EPA. Technologies and Costs f
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Technologies and Costs for Removal of Arsenic From Drinking Water

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