Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems: From OFDM and MC ...

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xviPreface (First Edition)and DLR on the design of a future broadband air interface or the EU-IST MATRICE,4MORE, and WINNER projects, and especially the NTT DOCOMO research initiative tobuild a demonstrator for beyond 3G systems based on the multi-carrier spread spectrumtechnique, emphasize the commitment of the international research community to thisnew topic.Our experience gained during the above-mentioned research programmes, our currentinvolvement in the ETSI-BRAN project, our yearly seminars organized within Carl GranzGesellschaft (CCG) on digital TV broadcasting and on WLAN/WLL have given us sufficientbackground knowledge and material to take this initiative to collect in this bookmost of the important aspects on multi-carrier, spread spectrum, and multi-carrier spreadspectrum systems.We hope that this book will contribute to a better understanding of the principlesof multi-carrier and spread spectrum and may motivate further investigation into anddevelopment of this new technology.K. Fazel, S. Kaiser
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to express their sincere thanks to Prof. M. Nakagawa from KeioUniversity, Japan, for writing the foreword. Many thanks go to Dr. H. Atarashi, Dr. N.Maeda, Dr. S. Abeta, and Dr. M. Sawahashi from NTT DOCOMO for providing us withmaterial regarding their multi-carrier spread spectrum activities. Many thanks also for thesupport of Dr. E. Auer from Ericsson GmbH and for helpful technical discussions withmembers of the DOCOMO Euro-Labs and the Mobile Radio Transmission Group fromDLR. Further thanks also go to Dr. I. Cosovic from DOCOMO Euro-Labs who providedus with results for the uplink, especially with pre-equalization.K. Fazel, S. Kaiser
Page 2: Multi-Carrier andSpread SpectrumSys
Page 6 and 7: This edition first published 2008©
Page 11 and 12: Contentsix4.3.2 One-Dimensional Cha
Page 13: ForewordThis book discusses multi-c
Page 17: Preface (First Edition)Nowadays, mu
Page 22 and 23: 2 Introductionambitious technologic
Page 24 and 25: 4 IntroductionTables 1 and 2 summar
Page 26 and 27: 6 IntroductionPower densityTimeFreq
Page 28 and 29: 8 Introductiona high immunity again
Page 30 and 31: 10 Introductionprocessing gain P G
Page 32 and 33: 12 Introductionand interactive mult
Page 34 and 35: 14 Introduction[43] Saltzberg, B. R
Page 36 and 37: 16 FundamentalsBSTSFigure 1-1Time-v
Page 38 and 39: 18 Fundamentalswhere p =|a p | 2 (1
Page 40 and 41: 20 Fundamentalssuch that the effect
Page 42 and 43: 22 FundamentalsTable 1-2 Delay powe
Page 44 and 45: 24 Fundamentals(i) Fixed Positioned
Page 46 and 47: 26 Fundamentalson sub-channel n of
Page 48 and 49: 28 Fundamentals10 010 −1OFDM (OFD
Page 50 and 51: 30 Fundamentalsin order to achieve
Page 52 and 53: 32 FundamentalsThe discrete length
Page 54 and 55: 34 FundamentalsThe following matrix
Page 56 and 57: 36 FundamentalsTable 1-11Wireless l
Page 58 and 59: 38 FundamentalsFrequency hopping (F
Page 60 and 61: 40 FundamentalsFinally, a threshold
Page 62 and 63: 42 Fundamentals1.3.3 Applications o
Page 64 and 65: 44 FundamentalsTable 1-12Radio link
Page 66 and 67: 46 FundamentalsOrthogonalV-SF codeF
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{{48 Fundamentalsdata symbolsspread
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50 FundamentalsCellular Mobile Radi
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52 Fundamentals[27] Haindl B., “M
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2MC-CDMA and MC-DS-CDMAIn this chap
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MC-CDMA 57whered = (d (0) ,d (1) ,.
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MC-CDMA 59i.e. the spreading is per
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MC-CDMA 61Table 2-1 PAPR bounds of
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MC-CDMA 632.1.4.4 Rotated Constella
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MC-CDMA 65After inverse OFDM the re
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MC-CDMA 67and requires only informa
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MC-CDMA 69hard interference evaluat
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MC-CDMA 71Thedataofthedesireduserk
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MC-CDMA 73L corresponds to the spre
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MC-CDMA 752.1.7 Combined Equalizati
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MC-CDMA 77broadcasting, WLAN, and W
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MC-CDMA 792.1.8.1 Log-Likelihood Ra
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MC-CDMA 81For coded MC-CDMA systems
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MC-CDMA 83where Q different user gr
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MC-CDMA 85Table 2-2MC-CDMA system p
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MC-CDMA 87first iteration. The opti
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MC-CDMA 8910 010 −110 −2BER10
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MC-CDMA 9110 010 −1BER10 −210
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MC-CDMA 9310 010 −110 −2BER10
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MC-DS-CDMA 95c (k) (t)f 00d (k)S/P+
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MC-DS-CDMA 97The user-specific dela
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MC-DS-CDMA 9910 010 −1BER10 −21
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References 101[7] Brüninghaus K. a
Page 123:
References 103[49] Steiner B., “U
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106 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesI
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108 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemesw
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110 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemest
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112 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesO
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114 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesT
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116 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesA
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120 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemest
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122 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesA
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126 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemes[
Page 149 and 150:
4Implementation IssuesA general PHY
Page 151 and 152:
Multi-Carrier Modulation and Demodu
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Synchronization 139The performance
Page 161 and 162:
Synchronization 141null symbol as a
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Synchronization 143resulting SNR ca
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Synchronization 145SNR Degradation
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Synchronization 147FFTr(k)estimated
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Synchronization 149the timing error
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Synchronization 151A first simple s
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Synchronization 153Transmitted 2 re
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Channel Estimation 155Special cases
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Channel Estimation 157The mean squa
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Channel Estimation 159by the second
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Channel Estimation 161Given the nor
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Channel Estimation 163and f D, filt
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Channel Estimation 16510 010 −110
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Channel Estimation 16710 010 −13
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Channel Estimation 169in order to r
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Channel Estimation 17110 010 −1BU
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Channel Estimation 173timefreq. 00
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Channel Coding and Decoding 1754.4.
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Channel Coding and Decoding 177Tabl
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Channel Coding and Decoding 179a (k
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Channel Coding and Decoding 181n rk
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Channel Coding and Decoding 183Bit
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Channel Coding and Decoding 185Bit
Page 207 and 208:
Signal Constellation, Mapping, De-M
Page 209 and 210:
Signal Constellation, Mapping, De-M
Page 211 and 212:
Adaptive Techniques in Multi-Carrie
Page 213 and 214:
RF Issues 193hence reduce, for inst
Page 215 and 216:
RF Issues 195s(t)r(t)e jf(t)White n
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RF Issues 197receivedsignalto detec
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RF Issues 1994.7.2.1 Effects of Non
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RF Issues 2011e−011e−02UplinkDo
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RF Issues 203of data pre-distortion
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RF Issues 205Table 4-8Minimum total
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RF Issues 207Detection strategyIn t
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RF Issues 209above formula becomes(
Page 231 and 232:
References 211[21] Fazel K., “Nar
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References 213[66] Nobilet S., Hela
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5Applications5.1 IntroductionThe de
Page 237 and 238:
Introduction 217high speed as well
Page 239 and 240:
3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 219H
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 221U
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 2231
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 227T
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 229C
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WiMAX 237Table 5-12 Downlink LTE sp
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WiMAX 239Wi-FiBusinessTSWiMAX BSTSM
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WiMAX 241Table 5-16Summary of the I
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WiMAX 243WiMAXInteroperabilityInter
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WiMAX 245UNIAirinterfaceSNITerminal
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WiMAX 247Radio ResourceControlIniti
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WiMAX 249Frame n−1 Frame n Frame
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WiMAX 251Read RF-Channel ListScan F
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WiMAX 253NormaloperationTS measures
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WiMAX 255Table 5-18Example of some
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WiMAX 257Total bandwidth (between 1
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WiMAX 259Sub-carriers (frequency)n0
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ApplicationsWiMAX 261Table 5-23 Gen
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WiMAX 263Table 5-27(OFDMA)FEC codin
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WiMAX 265M-QAMMappingSTC withSpatia
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WiMAX 267Frame n−1 Frame n Frame
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WiMAX 269Table 5-29WirelessMAN-OFDM
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WiMAX 2710Power density in dB−25
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WiMAX 273Table 5-37diversityPeak da
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WiMAX 275Table 5-41DL link budget e
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Future Mobile Communications Concep
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Wireless Local Area Networks 283MTB
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Wireless Local Area Networks 285fre
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Interaction Channel for DVB-T: DVB-
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Page 313 and 314:
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References 297Table 5-58Parameters
Page 319:
References 299[32] Taoka H., Higuch
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302 Additional Techniques for Capac
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340 Definitions, Abbreviations, and
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Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
350 SymbolsG l,lGG [j]h(t)h(τ,t)H(
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Index3GPP 218Adaptive techniques 19
Page 375 and 376:
Index 355Forward error correction (
Page 377 and 378:
Index 357Multi-carrier modulation a
Page 379 and 380:
Index 359Maximum likelihood paramet
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