Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems: From OFDM and MC ...

References 337signal dynamic, may allow a direct down-conversion to be used with a very wideband RFstage [26] i.e. the sampling is performed at the RF stage without any analogue IF unit,‘zero IF’ stage. The amount of power consumption and dissipation of today’s components(e.g. processors, FPGAs) may prevent its use in the mobile terminal station due to lowbattery lifetimes. However, its use in base stations is currently state-of-the art, for instance,in the UMTS infrastructure (UMTS BS/Node-B) [1].References[1] 3GPP (TS 25.401), “UTRAN overall description,” Technical Specification, Sophia Antipolis, France, 2002.[2] Alamouti S. M., “A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications,” IEEE Journal onSelected Areas in Communications, vol. 16, pp. 1451–1458, Oct. 1998.[3] Bauch G., ‘‘Turbo-Entzerrung” und Sendeantennen-Diversity mit “Space–Time-Codes” im Mobilfunk,Düsseldorf: Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, series 10, no. 660, 2000, PhD thesis.[4] Bauch G. and Hagenauer J., “Multiple antenna systems: capacity, transmit diversity and turbo processing,”in Proc. ITG Conference on Source and Channel Coding, Berlin, Germany, pp. 387–398, Jan. 2002.[5] Chuang J. and Sollenberger N., “Beyond 3G: wideband wireless data access based on OFDM and dynamicpacket assignment,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 38, pp. 78–87, July 2000.[6] Cimini L., Daneshrad B., and Sollenberger N. R., “Clustered OFDM with transmitter diversity andcoding,” in Proc. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM ’96), London, UK,pp. 703–707, Nov. 1996.[7] Dammann A. and Kaiser S., “Standard conformable diversity techniques for OFDM and its application tothe DVB-T system,” in Proc. Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2001), San Antonio,USA, pp. 3100–3105, Nov. 2001.[8] Dammann A. and Kaiser S., “Transmit/receive antenna diversity techniques for OFDM systems,” EuropeanTransactions on Telecommunications (ETT), vol. 13, pp. 531–538, Sept./Oct. 2002.[9] Damman A. and Raulefs R., “Increasing time domain diversity in OFDM systems,” In Proc. IEEE GlobalTelecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2004), Dallas, USA, pp. 809–812, Nov. 2004.[10] Damman A., Raulefs R., and Kaiser S., “Beamforming in combination with space–time diversity forbroadband OFDM systems,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2002),New York, USA, pp. 165–172, May 2002.[11] ETSI HIPERMAN (TS 102 177), “High performance metropolitan area network, Part 1: physical layer,”Sophia Antipolis, France, 2004.[12] Foschini G. J., “Layered space–time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environmentwhen using multi-element antennas,” Bell Labs Technical Journal, vol. 1, pp. 41–59, 1996.[13] Heath R. W. and Paulraj A., “A simple scheme for transmit diversity using partial channel feedback,” inProc. 32nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, Computers, Pacific Grove, USA, pp. 1073–1078,Nov. 1998.[14] Kaiser S., “OFDM with code division multiplexing and transmit antenna diversity for mobile communications,”in Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications(PIMRC 2000), London, UK, pp. 804–808, Sept. 2000.[15] Kaiser S., “Spatial transmit diversity techniques for broadband OFDM systems,” in Proc. IEEE GlobalTelecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2000), San Francisco, USA, pp. 1824–1828, Nov./Dec.2000.[16] Kaiser S., “Spatial pre-coding with phase flipping for wireless communications,” in Proc. IEEE WirelessCommunications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2007), Hong Kong, China, March 2007.[17] Kaiser S., “Effects of channel estimation errors on spatial pre-coding schemes with phase flipping,” inProc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2007 Spring), Dublin, Ireland, April 2007.[18] Kaiser S., “Performance of spatial phase coding (SPC) in broadband OFDM systems,” in Proc. IEEEInternational Conference on Communications (ICC 2007), Glasgow, UK, June 2007.[19] Kaiser S., “Potential of code division multiplexing (CDM) and spatial diversity in future broadbandOFDM systems,” in Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2008),Las Vegas, USA, March/April 2008.