Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems: From OFDM and MC ...

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236 ApplicationsTable 5-8 Downlink LTE user throughput in a scenario with 500 minter-site distance [4]Mean user throughput Cell-edge user throughput(relative to UTRA) (relative to UTRA)Requirement 3–4× UTRA 2–3× UTRA2 × 2 SU-MIMO 3.2 × UTRA 2.7 × UTRA4 × 2 SU-MIMO 3.5 × UTRA 3.0 × UTRA4 × 4 SU-MIMO 5.0 × UTRA 4.4 × UTRATable 5-9 Downlink LTE user throughput in a scenario with 1732 minter-site distance [4]Mean user throughput Cell-edge user throughput(relative to UTRA) (relative to UTRA)Requirement 3–4× UTRA 2–3× UTRA2 × 2 SU-MIMO 3.0 × UTRA 2.3 × UTRA4 × 2 SU-MIMO 3.6 × UTRA 2.8 × UTRA4 × 4 SU-MIMO 4.6 × UTRA 4.8 × UTRATable 5-10 Uplink LTE user throughput in a scenario with 500 minter-site distance [4]Mean user throughput Cell-edge user throughput(relative to UTRA) (relative to UTRA)Requirement 2–3× UTRA 2–3× UTRA1 × 2SIMO 2.2 × UTRA 2.5 × UTRA1 × 4SIMO 3.3 × UTRA 5.5 × UTRA2 × 2 SU-MIMO 2.3 × UTRA 1.1 × UTRATable 5-11 Uplink LTE user throughput in a scenario with 1732 minter-site distance [4]Mean user throughput Cell-edge user throughput(relative to UTRA) (relative to UTRA)Requirement 2–3× UTRA 2–3× UTRA1 × 2SIMO 2.2 × UTRA 2.0 × UTRA1 × 4SIMO 3.3 × UTRA 4.2 × UTRA
WiMAX 237Table 5-12 Downlink LTE spectrum efficiency per cell in ascenario with 500 m inter-site distance [4]Spectrum efficiency Spectrum efficiency(bit/s/Hz/cell) (relative to UTRA)Requirement 0.53 3–4 × UTRA2 × 2 SU-MIMO 1.69 3.2 × UTRA4 × 2 SU-MIMO 1.87 3.5 × UTRA4 × 4 SU-MIMO 2.67 5.0 × UTRATable 5-13 Downlink LTE spectrum efficiency per cell in ascenario with 1732 m inter-site distance [4]Spectrum efficiency Spectrum efficiency(bit/s/Hz/cell) (relative to UTRA)Requirement 0.52 3–4 × UTRA2 × 2 SU-MIMO 1.56 3.0 × UTRA4 × 2 SU-MIMO 1.85 3.6 × UTRA4 × 4 SU-MIMO 2.41 4.6 × UTRATable 5-14 Uplink LTE spectrum efficiency per cell in a scenariowith 500 m inter-site distance [4]Spectrum efficiency Spectrum efficiency(bit/s/Hz/cell) (relative to UTRA)Requirement 0.332 2–3 × UTRA1 × 2SIMO 0.735 2.2 × UTRA1 × 4SIMO 1.103 3.3 × UTRA2 × 2 SU-MIMO 0.776 2.3 × UTRAIt can be seen that the minimum requirements for LTE are fulfilled. The mobility of themobile user is 3 km/h.Table 5-14 and Table 5-15 present the spectrum efficiency per cell for the uplink fordifferent inter-site distances. The tables show that the minimum requirements for LTEare met.5.3 WiMAX5.3.1 ScopeThe World-Wide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) forum was initiatedby a small number of companies in 2001 for promoting originally the IEEE 802.16
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Multi-Carrier andSpread SpectrumSys
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This edition first published 2008©
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Contentsix4.3.2 One-Dimensional Cha
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ForewordThis book discusses multi-c
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Preface (First Edition)Nowadays, mu
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AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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2 Introductionambitious technologic
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4 IntroductionTables 1 and 2 summar
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6 IntroductionPower densityTimeFreq
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8 Introductiona high immunity again
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10 Introductionprocessing gain P G
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12 Introductionand interactive mult
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14 Introduction[43] Saltzberg, B. R
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16 FundamentalsBSTSFigure 1-1Time-v
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18 Fundamentalswhere p =|a p | 2 (1
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20 Fundamentalssuch that the effect
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22 FundamentalsTable 1-2 Delay powe
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24 Fundamentals(i) Fixed Positioned
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26 Fundamentalson sub-channel n of
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28 Fundamentals10 010 −1OFDM (OFD
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30 Fundamentalsin order to achieve
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32 FundamentalsThe discrete length
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34 FundamentalsThe following matrix
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36 FundamentalsTable 1-11Wireless l
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38 FundamentalsFrequency hopping (F
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40 FundamentalsFinally, a threshold
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42 Fundamentals1.3.3 Applications o
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44 FundamentalsTable 1-12Radio link
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46 FundamentalsOrthogonalV-SF codeF
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{{48 Fundamentalsdata symbolsspread
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50 FundamentalsCellular Mobile Radi
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52 Fundamentals[27] Haindl B., “M
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2MC-CDMA and MC-DS-CDMAIn this chap
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MC-CDMA 57whered = (d (0) ,d (1) ,.
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MC-CDMA 59i.e. the spreading is per
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MC-CDMA 61Table 2-1 PAPR bounds of
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MC-CDMA 632.1.4.4 Rotated Constella
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MC-CDMA 65After inverse OFDM the re
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MC-CDMA 67and requires only informa
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MC-CDMA 69hard interference evaluat
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MC-CDMA 71Thedataofthedesireduserk
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MC-CDMA 73L corresponds to the spre
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MC-CDMA 752.1.7 Combined Equalizati
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MC-CDMA 77broadcasting, WLAN, and W
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MC-CDMA 792.1.8.1 Log-Likelihood Ra
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MC-CDMA 81For coded MC-CDMA systems
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MC-CDMA 83where Q different user gr
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MC-CDMA 85Table 2-2MC-CDMA system p
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MC-CDMA 87first iteration. The opti
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MC-CDMA 8910 010 −110 −2BER10
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MC-CDMA 9110 010 −1BER10 −210
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MC-CDMA 9310 010 −110 −2BER10
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MC-DS-CDMA 95c (k) (t)f 00d (k)S/P+
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MC-DS-CDMA 97The user-specific dela
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MC-DS-CDMA 9910 010 −1BER10 −21
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References 101[7] Brüninghaus K. a
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References 103[49] Steiner B., “U
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106 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesI
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108 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemesw
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110 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemest
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112 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesO
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114 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesT
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116 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesA
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120 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemest
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122 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesA
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126 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemes[
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4Implementation IssuesA general PHY
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Multi-Carrier Modulation and Demodu
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Synchronization 139The performance
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Synchronization 141null symbol as a
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Synchronization 143resulting SNR ca
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Synchronization 145SNR Degradation
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Synchronization 147FFTr(k)estimated
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Synchronization 149the timing error
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Synchronization 151A first simple s
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Synchronization 153Transmitted 2 re
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Channel Estimation 155Special cases
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Channel Estimation 157The mean squa
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Channel Estimation 159by the second
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Channel Estimation 161Given the nor
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Channel Estimation 163and f D, filt
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Channel Estimation 16510 010 −110
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Channel Estimation 16710 010 −13
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Channel Estimation 169in order to r
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Channel Estimation 17110 010 −1BU
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Channel Estimation 173timefreq. 00
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Channel Coding and Decoding 1754.4.
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Channel Coding and Decoding 177Tabl
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Channel Coding and Decoding 179a (k
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Channel Coding and Decoding 181n rk
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Channel Coding and Decoding 183Bit
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Page 207 and 208: Signal Constellation, Mapping, De-M
Page 209 and 210: Signal Constellation, Mapping, De-M
Page 211 and 212: Adaptive Techniques in Multi-Carrie
Page 213 and 214: RF Issues 193hence reduce, for inst
Page 215 and 216: RF Issues 195s(t)r(t)e jf(t)White n
Page 217 and 218: RF Issues 197receivedsignalto detec
Page 219 and 220: RF Issues 1994.7.2.1 Effects of Non
Page 221 and 222: RF Issues 2011e−011e−02UplinkDo
Page 223 and 224: RF Issues 203of data pre-distortion
Page 225 and 226: RF Issues 205Table 4-8Minimum total
Page 227 and 228: RF Issues 207Detection strategyIn t
Page 229 and 230: RF Issues 209above formula becomes(
Page 231 and 232: References 211[21] Fazel K., “Nar
Page 233 and 234: References 213[66] Nobilet S., Hela
Page 235 and 236: 5Applications5.1 IntroductionThe de
Page 237 and 238: Introduction 217high speed as well
Page 239 and 240: 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 219H
Page 241 and 242: 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 221U
Page 243 and 244: 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 2231
Page 247 and 248: 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 227T
Page 249 and 250: 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 229C
Page 253 and 254: 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 233T
Page 255: 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 235T
Page 259 and 260: WiMAX 239Wi-FiBusinessTSWiMAX BSTSM
Page 261 and 262: WiMAX 241Table 5-16Summary of the I
Page 263 and 264: WiMAX 243WiMAXInteroperabilityInter
Page 265 and 266: WiMAX 245UNIAirinterfaceSNITerminal
Page 267 and 268: WiMAX 247Radio ResourceControlIniti
Page 269 and 270: WiMAX 249Frame n−1 Frame n Frame
Page 271 and 272: WiMAX 251Read RF-Channel ListScan F
Page 273 and 274: WiMAX 253NormaloperationTS measures
Page 275 and 276: WiMAX 255Table 5-18Example of some
Page 277 and 278: WiMAX 257Total bandwidth (between 1
Page 279 and 280: WiMAX 259Sub-carriers (frequency)n0
Page 281 and 282: ApplicationsWiMAX 261Table 5-23 Gen
Page 283 and 284: WiMAX 263Table 5-27(OFDMA)FEC codin
Page 285 and 286: WiMAX 265M-QAMMappingSTC withSpatia
Page 287 and 288: WiMAX 267Frame n−1 Frame n Frame
Page 289 and 290: WiMAX 269Table 5-29WirelessMAN-OFDM
Page 291 and 292: WiMAX 2710Power density in dB−25
Page 293 and 294: WiMAX 273Table 5-37diversityPeak da
Page 295 and 296: WiMAX 275Table 5-41DL link budget e
Page 297 and 298: Future Mobile Communications Concep
Page 303 and 304: Wireless Local Area Networks 283MTB
Page 305 and 306: Wireless Local Area Networks 285fre
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Interaction Channel for DVB-T: DVB-
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References 297Table 5-58Parameters
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References 299[32] Taoka H., Higuch
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302 Additional Techniques for Capac
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340 Definitions, Abbreviations, and
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350 SymbolsG l,lGG [j]h(t)h(τ,t)H(
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Index3GPP 218Adaptive techniques 19
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Index 355Forward error correction (
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Index 357Multi-carrier modulation a
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Index 359Maximum likelihood paramet
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