Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems: From OFDM and MC ...

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298 Applications[9] 3GPP (TS 36.803), “Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA); user equipment (UE) radio transmissionand reception; (Release 8),” Technical Specification, Sophia Antipolis, France, 2007.[10] Atarashi H., Maeda N., Abeta S., and Sawahashi M., “Broadband packet wireless access based on VSF-OFCDM and MC-DS-CDMA,” in Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and MobileRadio Communications (PIMRC 2002), Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 992–997, Sept. 2002.[11] Atarashi H., Maeda N., Kishiyama Y., and Sawahashi M., “Broadband wireless access based on VSF-OFCDM and MC-DS-CDMA and its experiments,” European Transactions on Telecommunications (ETT),vol. 15, pp. 159–172, May/June 2004.[12] Atarashi H. and Sawahashi M., “Variable spreading factor orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing(VSF-OFCDM),” in Proc. International Workshop on Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum and RelatedTopics (MC-SS 2001), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, pp. 113–122, Sept. 2001.[13] Burow R., Fazel K., Höher P., Kussmann H., Progrzeba P., Robertson P., and Ruf M., “On the Performanceof the DVB-T system in mobile environments,” in Proc. IEEE Global TelecommunicationsConference (GLOBECOM ’98), Communication Theory Mini Conference, Sydney, Australia, Nov. 1998[14] Dahlman E., Parkvall S., Sköld J., and Beming P., 3G Evolution: HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband,Oxford: Academic Press, 2007.[15] ETSI DAB (EN 300 401), “Radio broadcasting systems; digital audio broadcasting (DAB) to mobile,portable and fixed receivers,” Sophia Antipolis, France, April 2000.[16] ETSI DVB-H (EN 302 304), “Digital video broadcasting (DVB); transmission system for handheldterminals (DVB-H),” Sophia Antipolis, France, Nov. 2004.[17] ETSI DVB RCT (EN 301 958), “Interaction channel for digital terrestrial television (RCT) incorporatingmultiple access OFDM,” Sophia Antipolis, France, March 2001.[18] ETSI DVB-T (EN 300 744), “Digital video broadcasting (DVB); framing structure, channel coding andmodulation for digital terrestrial television,” Sophia Antipolis, France, July 1999.[19] ETSI HIPERMAN (TS 102 177), “High performance metropolitan area network, Part-1: physical layer,”Feb. 2004.[20] Fazel K., Decanis C., Klein J., Licitra G., Lindh L., and Lebret Y. Y., “An overview of the ETSI-BRANHA physical layer air interface specification,” in Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoorand Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2002), Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 102–106, Sept. 2002.[21] IEEE 802.11 (P802.11a/D6.0), “LAN/MAN specific requirements – Part 2: wireless MAC and PHYspecifications – high speed physical layer in the 5 GHz band,” IEEE 802.11, May 1999.[22] IEEE 802.16ab-01/01, “Air interface for fixed broadband wireless access systems – Part A: systemsbetween 2 and 11 GHz,” IEEE 802.16, June 2000.[23] IEEE 802.16d, “Air interface for fixed broadband wireless access systems,” IEEE 802.16, May 2004.[24] IEEE 802.16e, “Air interface for fixed and mobile broadband wireless access systems,” IEEE 802.16,Feb. 2005.[25] IST FP6 Project WINNER II, “Final WINNER II system requirements,” Deliverable D6.11.4, June 2007.[26] ITU-R Recommendations M.1225, “Guidelines for evaluation of radio transmission technologies forITM-2000,” ITU-R, 1997.[27] Kishiyama Y., Maeda N., Higuchi K., Atarashi H., and Sawahashi M., “Transmission performance analysisof VSF-OFCDM broadband packet wireless access based on field experiments in 100-MHzforward link,” in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2004-Fall), Los Angeles, USA,pp. 1113–1117, Sept. 2004.[28] Maucher J. and Furrer J., “WiMAX, der IEEE 802.16 Standard: Technik, Anwendung, Potential,” Hannover:Heise Publisher, 2007.[29] Salvekar A., Sandhu S., Li Q., Vuong M., and Qian X., “Multiple-antenna technology in WiMAX systems,”Intel Technology Journal, vol. 08, Aug. 2004.[30] Taoka H., Dai K., Higuchi K., and Sawahashi M., “Field experiments on ultimate frequency efficiencyexceeding 30 bit/second/Hz using MLD signal detection in MIMO-OFDM broadband packet radio access,”in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technologies Conference (VTC 2007-Spring), Dublin, Ireland, April 2007.[31] Taoka H., Dai K., and Sawahashi M., “Field experiments on 2.5-Gbps packet transmission using MLDbasedsignal detection in MIMO-OFDM broadband packet radio access,” in Proc. International Symposiumon Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC 2006), San Diego, USA, Sept. 2006.
References 299[32] Taoka H., Higuchi K., and Sawahashi M., “Field experiments on real-time 1-Gbps high-speed packettransmission in MIMO-OFDM broadband packet radio access,” in Proc. IEEE Vehicular TechnologiesConference (VTC 2006-Spring), Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1812–1816, May 2006.[33] WiMAX forum, “Mobile WiMAX –Part I: a technical overview and performance evaluation,” WhitePaper, Aug. 2006.[34] WiMAX forum, www.wimaxforum.org.
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Multi-Carrier andSpread SpectrumSys
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This edition first published 2008©
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Contentsix4.3.2 One-Dimensional Cha
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ForewordThis book discusses multi-c
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Preface (First Edition)Nowadays, mu
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AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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2 Introductionambitious technologic
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4 IntroductionTables 1 and 2 summar
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6 IntroductionPower densityTimeFreq
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8 Introductiona high immunity again
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10 Introductionprocessing gain P G
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12 Introductionand interactive mult
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14 Introduction[43] Saltzberg, B. R
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16 FundamentalsBSTSFigure 1-1Time-v
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18 Fundamentalswhere p =|a p | 2 (1
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20 Fundamentalssuch that the effect
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22 FundamentalsTable 1-2 Delay powe
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24 Fundamentals(i) Fixed Positioned
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26 Fundamentalson sub-channel n of
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28 Fundamentals10 010 −1OFDM (OFD
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30 Fundamentalsin order to achieve
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32 FundamentalsThe discrete length
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34 FundamentalsThe following matrix
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36 FundamentalsTable 1-11Wireless l
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38 FundamentalsFrequency hopping (F
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40 FundamentalsFinally, a threshold
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42 Fundamentals1.3.3 Applications o
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44 FundamentalsTable 1-12Radio link
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46 FundamentalsOrthogonalV-SF codeF
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{{48 Fundamentalsdata symbolsspread
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50 FundamentalsCellular Mobile Radi
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52 Fundamentals[27] Haindl B., “M
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2MC-CDMA and MC-DS-CDMAIn this chap
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MC-CDMA 57whered = (d (0) ,d (1) ,.
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MC-CDMA 59i.e. the spreading is per
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MC-CDMA 61Table 2-1 PAPR bounds of
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MC-CDMA 632.1.4.4 Rotated Constella
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MC-CDMA 65After inverse OFDM the re
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MC-CDMA 67and requires only informa
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MC-CDMA 69hard interference evaluat
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MC-CDMA 71Thedataofthedesireduserk
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MC-CDMA 73L corresponds to the spre
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MC-CDMA 752.1.7 Combined Equalizati
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MC-CDMA 77broadcasting, WLAN, and W
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MC-CDMA 792.1.8.1 Log-Likelihood Ra
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MC-CDMA 81For coded MC-CDMA systems
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MC-CDMA 83where Q different user gr
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MC-CDMA 85Table 2-2MC-CDMA system p
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MC-CDMA 87first iteration. The opti
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MC-CDMA 8910 010 −110 −2BER10
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MC-CDMA 9110 010 −1BER10 −210
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MC-CDMA 9310 010 −110 −2BER10
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MC-DS-CDMA 95c (k) (t)f 00d (k)S/P+
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MC-DS-CDMA 97The user-specific dela
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MC-DS-CDMA 9910 010 −1BER10 −21
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References 101[7] Brüninghaus K. a
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References 103[49] Steiner B., “U
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106 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesI
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108 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemesw
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110 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemest
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112 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesO
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114 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesT
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116 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesA
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120 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemest
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122 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesA
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126 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemes[
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4Implementation IssuesA general PHY
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Multi-Carrier Modulation and Demodu
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Synchronization 139The performance
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Synchronization 141null symbol as a
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Synchronization 143resulting SNR ca
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Synchronization 145SNR Degradation
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Synchronization 147FFTr(k)estimated
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Synchronization 149the timing error
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Synchronization 151A first simple s
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Synchronization 153Transmitted 2 re
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Channel Estimation 155Special cases
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Channel Estimation 157The mean squa
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Channel Estimation 159by the second
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Channel Estimation 161Given the nor
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Channel Estimation 163and f D, filt
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Channel Estimation 16510 010 −110
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Channel Estimation 16710 010 −13
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Channel Estimation 169in order to r
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Channel Estimation 17110 010 −1BU
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Channel Estimation 173timefreq. 00
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Channel Coding and Decoding 1754.4.
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Channel Coding and Decoding 177Tabl
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Channel Coding and Decoding 179a (k
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Channel Coding and Decoding 181n rk
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Channel Coding and Decoding 183Bit
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Channel Coding and Decoding 185Bit
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Signal Constellation, Mapping, De-M
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Signal Constellation, Mapping, De-M
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Adaptive Techniques in Multi-Carrie
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RF Issues 193hence reduce, for inst
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RF Issues 195s(t)r(t)e jf(t)White n
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RF Issues 197receivedsignalto detec
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RF Issues 1994.7.2.1 Effects of Non
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RF Issues 2011e−011e−02UplinkDo
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RF Issues 203of data pre-distortion
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RF Issues 205Table 4-8Minimum total
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RF Issues 207Detection strategyIn t
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RF Issues 209above formula becomes(
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References 211[21] Fazel K., “Nar
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References 213[66] Nobilet S., Hela
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5Applications5.1 IntroductionThe de
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Introduction 217high speed as well
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 219H
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 221U
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 2231
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 227T
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 229C
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WiMAX 237Table 5-12 Downlink LTE sp
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WiMAX 239Wi-FiBusinessTSWiMAX BSTSM
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WiMAX 241Table 5-16Summary of the I
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WiMAX 243WiMAXInteroperabilityInter
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WiMAX 245UNIAirinterfaceSNITerminal
Page 267 and 268: WiMAX 247Radio ResourceControlIniti
Page 269 and 270: WiMAX 249Frame n−1 Frame n Frame
Page 271 and 272: WiMAX 251Read RF-Channel ListScan F
Page 273 and 274: WiMAX 253NormaloperationTS measures
Page 275 and 276: WiMAX 255Table 5-18Example of some
Page 277 and 278: WiMAX 257Total bandwidth (between 1
Page 279 and 280: WiMAX 259Sub-carriers (frequency)n0
Page 281 and 282: ApplicationsWiMAX 261Table 5-23 Gen
Page 283 and 284: WiMAX 263Table 5-27(OFDMA)FEC codin
Page 285 and 286: WiMAX 265M-QAMMappingSTC withSpatia
Page 287 and 288: WiMAX 267Frame n−1 Frame n Frame
Page 289 and 290: WiMAX 269Table 5-29WirelessMAN-OFDM
Page 291 and 292: WiMAX 2710Power density in dB−25
Page 293 and 294: WiMAX 273Table 5-37diversityPeak da
Page 295 and 296: WiMAX 275Table 5-41DL link budget e
Page 297 and 298: Future Mobile Communications Concep
Page 303 and 304: Wireless Local Area Networks 283MTB
Page 305 and 306: Wireless Local Area Networks 285fre
Page 307 and 308: Interaction Channel for DVB-T: DVB-
Page 317: References 297Table 5-58Parameters
Page 322 and 323: 302 Additional Techniques for Capac
Page 360 and 361: 340 Definitions, Abbreviations, and
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348 Definitions, Abbreviations, and
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350 SymbolsG l,lGG [j]h(t)h(τ,t)H(
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Index3GPP 218Adaptive techniques 19
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Index 355Forward error correction (
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Index 357Multi-carrier modulation a
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Index 359Maximum likelihood paramet
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