Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems: From OFDM and MC ...

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274 ApplicationsTable 5-40MIMOLink budget estimation for LOS and NLOS fixed positioned terminal withoutTransmission modesTopology/ProfileCarrier frequencyBandwidthOutdoor LOS(directional TS antenna)Outdoor NLOS(omni-directionalTS antenna)PMP, four sectors (OFDM profile Prof3 7), FDD3.5 GHz7 MHz (UL and DL): Full usage of bandwidth for the ULAntenna location fixed portableUL modulation QPSK3/4 16-QAM3/4 QPSK1/2 QPSK3/4E s /N 0 11.2 dB 18.2 dB 9.4 dB 11.2 dBUL receiver sensitivities QPSK3/4 16-QAM QPSK1/2 QPSK3/4−83 dBm −76 dBm −85 dBm −83 dBmDL modulation QPSK3/4 64-QAM3/4 QPSK1/2 16-QAM3/4E s /N 0 11.2 dB 24.4 dB 9.4 dB 18.2 dBDL receiver sensitivities QPSK3/4 64-QAM QPSK1/2 16-QAM3/4TS transmit power−83 dBm −70 dBm −85 dBm −76 dBm23 dBmTS antenna gain 17 dBi (directional) 3dBi(∼ omni-directional)BS transmit powerBS antenna gainBS antenna height30 dBm12 dBi (90 ◦ opening)30 mFading, interference margin 5dB 10 dBUL system gain QPSK 16-QAM QPSK1/2 QPSK3/4130 dB 123 dB 113 dB 109 dBDL system gain QPSK 64-QAM QPSK1/2 16-QAM137 dB 124 dB 120 dB 111 dBPropagation models Free space See Section 1.1.5, WiMAXCoverage QPSK 16-QAM QPSK1/2 QPSK3/4∼ 21 km ∼ 9km ∼ 1km ∼ 0.6kmMean UL sector capacity 12 Mbps 7 MbpsMean DL sector capacity 18 Mbps 12 Mbps
WiMAX 275Table 5-41DL link budget estimation for mobile terminal stationTransmission modesOutdoor NLOS (omni-directional TS antenna)Topology/profile PMP, four sectors (OFDMA profile Prof3 10)Carrier frequencyBandwidth2.5 GHz10 MHzDL modulation and FEC scheme QPSK-CTC1/2 16-QAM-CTC1/2Receiver sensitivity per sub-carrier QPSK1/2: −123 dBm 16-QAM1/2: −118 dBmBS transmit power/antenna30 dBmBS antenna configuration Tx/Rx: 2/2BS antenna gainBS antenna heightTS transmit powerTS antenna gain12 dBi (90 ◦ opening)30 m23 dBm3dBi(∼ omni-directional)TS antenna configuration Tx/Rx: 2/1Fading, interference margin10 dBPropagation models See Section 1.1.5, WiMAX [26]Distance between two BSTS distributions2.8 km60 % pedestrian (3 km/h), 30 % 30 km/h speed,and 10 % mobile with 120 km/htransmit power possibility. In this example, for the uplink a full usage of all OFDM subcarriersis considered. We notice that the coverage depends strongly on the used antennaand the terminal location. By offering an average data rate of 18 Mbps/sector up to 21 kmcoverage with line of sight (LOS) and directional antennas is achievable.However, in the non line of sight (NLOS) condition using an omni-directional antennathe coverage will be highly reduced to 1 km. In order to overcome this issue, OFDMA(OFDMA profile Prof3 7) can be used for the uplink, where at the cost of a lower peakdata rate per terminal station, a higher coverage can be obtained. For instance, if weconsider eight sub-channels for the OFDMA system, the uplink system gain increases by9 dB. This leads to an increase of the uplink coverage by about 50–60 %.Mobile Terminal StationThe parameter assumptions for mobile reception using the S-OFDMA mode are given inTable 5-41. Based on these assumptions, the estimated data rate per sector with MIMOis given in Table 5-42 [33]. Note that by using the MIMO system (two Tx and two Rxantennas), the spectral efficiency can be increased by about 60 %.
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Multi-Carrier andSpread SpectrumSys
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This edition first published 2008©
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Contentsix4.3.2 One-Dimensional Cha
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ForewordThis book discusses multi-c
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Preface (First Edition)Nowadays, mu
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AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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2 Introductionambitious technologic
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4 IntroductionTables 1 and 2 summar
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6 IntroductionPower densityTimeFreq
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8 Introductiona high immunity again
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10 Introductionprocessing gain P G
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12 Introductionand interactive mult
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14 Introduction[43] Saltzberg, B. R
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16 FundamentalsBSTSFigure 1-1Time-v
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18 Fundamentalswhere p =|a p | 2 (1
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20 Fundamentalssuch that the effect
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22 FundamentalsTable 1-2 Delay powe
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24 Fundamentals(i) Fixed Positioned
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26 Fundamentalson sub-channel n of
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28 Fundamentals10 010 −1OFDM (OFD
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30 Fundamentalsin order to achieve
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32 FundamentalsThe discrete length
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34 FundamentalsThe following matrix
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36 FundamentalsTable 1-11Wireless l
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38 FundamentalsFrequency hopping (F
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40 FundamentalsFinally, a threshold
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42 Fundamentals1.3.3 Applications o
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44 FundamentalsTable 1-12Radio link
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46 FundamentalsOrthogonalV-SF codeF
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{{48 Fundamentalsdata symbolsspread
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50 FundamentalsCellular Mobile Radi
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52 Fundamentals[27] Haindl B., “M
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2MC-CDMA and MC-DS-CDMAIn this chap
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MC-CDMA 57whered = (d (0) ,d (1) ,.
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MC-CDMA 59i.e. the spreading is per
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MC-CDMA 61Table 2-1 PAPR bounds of
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MC-CDMA 632.1.4.4 Rotated Constella
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MC-CDMA 65After inverse OFDM the re
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MC-CDMA 67and requires only informa
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MC-CDMA 69hard interference evaluat
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MC-CDMA 71Thedataofthedesireduserk
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MC-CDMA 73L corresponds to the spre
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MC-CDMA 752.1.7 Combined Equalizati
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MC-CDMA 77broadcasting, WLAN, and W
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MC-CDMA 792.1.8.1 Log-Likelihood Ra
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MC-CDMA 81For coded MC-CDMA systems
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MC-CDMA 83where Q different user gr
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MC-CDMA 85Table 2-2MC-CDMA system p
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MC-CDMA 87first iteration. The opti
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MC-CDMA 8910 010 −110 −2BER10
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MC-CDMA 9110 010 −1BER10 −210
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MC-CDMA 9310 010 −110 −2BER10
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MC-DS-CDMA 95c (k) (t)f 00d (k)S/P+
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MC-DS-CDMA 97The user-specific dela
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MC-DS-CDMA 9910 010 −1BER10 −21
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References 101[7] Brüninghaus K. a
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References 103[49] Steiner B., “U
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106 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesI
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108 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemesw
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110 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemest
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112 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesO
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114 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesT
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116 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesA
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120 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemest
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122 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesA
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126 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemes[
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4Implementation IssuesA general PHY
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Multi-Carrier Modulation and Demodu
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Synchronization 139The performance
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Synchronization 141null symbol as a
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Synchronization 143resulting SNR ca
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Synchronization 145SNR Degradation
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Synchronization 147FFTr(k)estimated
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Synchronization 149the timing error
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Synchronization 151A first simple s
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Synchronization 153Transmitted 2 re
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Channel Estimation 155Special cases
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Channel Estimation 157The mean squa
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Channel Estimation 159by the second
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Channel Estimation 161Given the nor
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Channel Estimation 163and f D, filt
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Channel Estimation 16510 010 −110
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Channel Estimation 16710 010 −13
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Channel Estimation 169in order to r
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Channel Estimation 17110 010 −1BU
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Channel Estimation 173timefreq. 00
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Channel Coding and Decoding 1754.4.
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Channel Coding and Decoding 177Tabl
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Channel Coding and Decoding 179a (k
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Channel Coding and Decoding 181n rk
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Channel Coding and Decoding 183Bit
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Channel Coding and Decoding 185Bit
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Signal Constellation, Mapping, De-M
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Signal Constellation, Mapping, De-M
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Adaptive Techniques in Multi-Carrie
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RF Issues 193hence reduce, for inst
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RF Issues 195s(t)r(t)e jf(t)White n
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RF Issues 197receivedsignalto detec
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RF Issues 1994.7.2.1 Effects of Non
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RF Issues 2011e−011e−02UplinkDo
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RF Issues 203of data pre-distortion
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RF Issues 205Table 4-8Minimum total
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RF Issues 207Detection strategyIn t
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RF Issues 209above formula becomes(
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References 211[21] Fazel K., “Nar
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References 213[66] Nobilet S., Hela
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5Applications5.1 IntroductionThe de
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Introduction 217high speed as well
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 219H
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 221U
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Page 261 and 262: WiMAX 241Table 5-16Summary of the I
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Page 267 and 268: WiMAX 247Radio ResourceControlIniti
Page 269 and 270: WiMAX 249Frame n−1 Frame n Frame
Page 271 and 272: WiMAX 251Read RF-Channel ListScan F
Page 273 and 274: WiMAX 253NormaloperationTS measures
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Page 277 and 278: WiMAX 257Total bandwidth (between 1
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Page 281 and 282: ApplicationsWiMAX 261Table 5-23 Gen
Page 283 and 284: WiMAX 263Table 5-27(OFDMA)FEC codin
Page 285 and 286: WiMAX 265M-QAMMappingSTC withSpatia
Page 287 and 288: WiMAX 267Frame n−1 Frame n Frame
Page 289 and 290: WiMAX 269Table 5-29WirelessMAN-OFDM
Page 291 and 292: WiMAX 2710Power density in dB−25
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Page 317 and 318: References 297Table 5-58Parameters
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324 Additional Techniques for Capac
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340 Definitions, Abbreviations, and
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350 SymbolsG l,lGG [j]h(t)h(τ,t)H(
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Index3GPP 218Adaptive techniques 19
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Index 355Forward error correction (
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Index 357Multi-carrier modulation a
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Index 359Maximum likelihood paramet
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