Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems: From OFDM and MC ...

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272 ApplicationsTable 5-35 Peak data rate for the OFDM mode versus modulation (7 MHz, 256sub-carriers, no diversity)T g /T s QPSK 1/2 QPSK 3/4 16-QAM 1/2 16-QAM 3/4 64-QAM 2/3 64-QAM 3/41/32 5.94 8.91 11.88 17.82 23.76 26.731/4 4.9 7.35 9.80 14.70 19.60 22.05Table 5-36 Peak data rate for the OFDMA mode versus modulation (7 MHz, 2048sub-carrier, no diversity)T g /T s QPSK 1/2 QPSK 3/4 16-QAM 1/2 16-QAM 3/4 64-QAM 2/3 64-QAM 3/41/32 5.82 8.73 11.64 17.45 23.27 26.181/4 4.8 7.2 9.6 14.40 19.20 21.6the maximum achievable data rate for the OFDM and OFDMA mode for different PHYmodes in a 7 MHz ETSI channelization raster is given. Both systems provide similarperformance. All MAC overheads are included in the tables.The achievable peak rates versus M-QAM modulation for S-OFDMA are given inTable 5-37 for both 5 and 10 MHz FDD channel bandwidths by considering a frameduration of 5 ms. In this table the parameters for the uplink and downlink are given. Inthe case of the 10 MHz channel bandwidth, data rates up to 32 Mbps and 23 Mbps fordownlink and uplink can be achieved respectively. The penalty in data rate for the uplinkis due to the large amount of overhead spent for pilots and guard times. The repetitioncode is used only in the case of QPSK.The peak data rates found by employing the most efficient mandatory modulationschemes (64-QAM for DL and 16-QAM for UL) with MIMO for S-OFDMA are givenin Table 5-38 for 10 MHz TDD channel bandwidths by considering a frame duration of5 ms. The DL/UL ratio defines the ratio between the DL and the UL allocated time framefor each direction.5.3.7.2 Link Budget, Data Rate, and CoverageFor the link budget evaluation the thresholds for a bit error rate of BER = 10 −6 are considered.The receiver power thresholds are taken from Table 5-31 and 5-32. The receiverE s /N 0 values are listed in Table 5-39.Fixed Positioned Terminal SationThe real WiMAX coverage and capacity performance for a fixed positioned terminalstation depend strongly on the terminal equipment configuration: indoor or outdoor, useof directional antenna or not, use of transmit diversity, etc. The use of a short framelength and long guard time has a negative impact on the total data rate efficiency. InTable 5-40 the link budget for a 7 MHz FDD channel allocation is given. Note that thesystem gain for the uplink is lower than the downlink. This is due to the higher BS
WiMAX 273Table 5-37diversityPeak data rate versus modulation and bandwidth for S-OFDMA; noBandwidth 5MHz 10 MHzModulat. FEC, rate DL UL DL ULCTC1/2, 6 × 0.53 Mbps 0.38 Mbps 1.06 Mbps 0.78 MbpsCTC1/2, 4 × 0.79 Mbps 0.57 Mbps 1.58 Mbps 1.18 MbpsQPSK CTC1/2, 2 × 1.58 Mbps 1.14 Mbps 3.127 Mbps 2.35 MbpsCTC1/2, 1 × 3.17 Mbps 2.28 Mbps 6.34 Mbps 4.7 MbpsCTC3/4 4.75 Mbps 3.43 Mbps 9.50 Mbps 7.06 Mbps16-QAM CTC1/2 6.34 Mbps 4.75 Mbps 12.67 Mbps 9.41 MbpsCTC3/4 9.50 Mbps 6.85 Mbps 19.01 Mbps 14.11 Mbps64-QAM CTC1/2 9.50 Mbps 6.85 Mbps 19.01 Mbps 14.11 MbpsCTC2/3 12.67 Mbps 9.14 Mbps 25.34 Mbps 18.82 MbpsCTC3/4 14.16 Mbps 10.28 Mbps 28.51 Mbps 21.17 MbpsCTC5/6 15.84 Mbps 11.42 Mbps 31.68 Mbps 23.52 MbpsTable 5-38Peak data rate versus bandwidth for S-OFDMA with MIMO, for TDDDL/UL ratio 1:0 2:1 1:1 0:1SIMO (1 × 2) DL 31.68 Mbps 20.16 Mbps 15.84 Mbps 0UL 0 5.04 Mbps 7.06 Mbps 14.11 MbpsMIMO (2 × 2) DL 63.36 Mbps 40.32 Mbps 31.68 Mbps 0UL 0 10.08 Mbps 14.12 Mbps 28.22 MbpsTable 5-39 Estimated SNR in AWGN forconcatenated RS+CC FECModulation Coding rate Receiver E s /N o (dB)QPSK 1/2 9.43/4 11.216-QAM 1/2 16.43/4 18.264-QAM 2/3 22.73/4 24.4
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Multi-Carrier andSpread SpectrumSys
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This edition first published 2008©
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Contentsix4.3.2 One-Dimensional Cha
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ForewordThis book discusses multi-c
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Preface (First Edition)Nowadays, mu
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AcknowledgementsThe authors would l
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2 Introductionambitious technologic
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4 IntroductionTables 1 and 2 summar
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6 IntroductionPower densityTimeFreq
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8 Introductiona high immunity again
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10 Introductionprocessing gain P G
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12 Introductionand interactive mult
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14 Introduction[43] Saltzberg, B. R
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16 FundamentalsBSTSFigure 1-1Time-v
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18 Fundamentalswhere p =|a p | 2 (1
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20 Fundamentalssuch that the effect
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22 FundamentalsTable 1-2 Delay powe
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24 Fundamentals(i) Fixed Positioned
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26 Fundamentalson sub-channel n of
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28 Fundamentals10 010 −1OFDM (OFD
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30 Fundamentalsin order to achieve
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32 FundamentalsThe discrete length
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34 FundamentalsThe following matrix
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36 FundamentalsTable 1-11Wireless l
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38 FundamentalsFrequency hopping (F
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40 FundamentalsFinally, a threshold
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42 Fundamentals1.3.3 Applications o
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44 FundamentalsTable 1-12Radio link
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46 FundamentalsOrthogonalV-SF codeF
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{{48 Fundamentalsdata symbolsspread
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50 FundamentalsCellular Mobile Radi
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52 Fundamentals[27] Haindl B., “M
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2MC-CDMA and MC-DS-CDMAIn this chap
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MC-CDMA 57whered = (d (0) ,d (1) ,.
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MC-CDMA 59i.e. the spreading is per
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MC-CDMA 61Table 2-1 PAPR bounds of
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MC-CDMA 632.1.4.4 Rotated Constella
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MC-CDMA 65After inverse OFDM the re
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MC-CDMA 67and requires only informa
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MC-CDMA 69hard interference evaluat
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MC-CDMA 71Thedataofthedesireduserk
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MC-CDMA 73L corresponds to the spre
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MC-CDMA 752.1.7 Combined Equalizati
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MC-CDMA 77broadcasting, WLAN, and W
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MC-CDMA 792.1.8.1 Log-Likelihood Ra
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MC-CDMA 81For coded MC-CDMA systems
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MC-CDMA 83where Q different user gr
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MC-CDMA 85Table 2-2MC-CDMA system p
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MC-CDMA 87first iteration. The opti
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MC-CDMA 8910 010 −110 −2BER10
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MC-CDMA 9110 010 −1BER10 −210
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MC-CDMA 9310 010 −110 −2BER10
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MC-DS-CDMA 95c (k) (t)f 00d (k)S/P+
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MC-DS-CDMA 97The user-specific dela
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MC-DS-CDMA 9910 010 −1BER10 −21
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References 101[7] Brüninghaus K. a
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References 103[49] Steiner B., “U
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106 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesI
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108 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemesw
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110 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemest
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112 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesO
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114 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesT
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116 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesA
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120 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemest
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122 Hybrid Multiple Access SchemesA
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126 Hybrid Multiple Access Schemes[
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4Implementation IssuesA general PHY
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Multi-Carrier Modulation and Demodu
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Synchronization 139The performance
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Synchronization 141null symbol as a
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Synchronization 143resulting SNR ca
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Synchronization 145SNR Degradation
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Synchronization 147FFTr(k)estimated
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Synchronization 149the timing error
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Synchronization 151A first simple s
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Synchronization 153Transmitted 2 re
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Channel Estimation 155Special cases
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Channel Estimation 157The mean squa
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Channel Estimation 159by the second
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Channel Estimation 161Given the nor
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Channel Estimation 163and f D, filt
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Channel Estimation 16510 010 −110
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Channel Estimation 16710 010 −13
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Channel Estimation 169in order to r
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Channel Estimation 17110 010 −1BU
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Channel Estimation 173timefreq. 00
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Channel Coding and Decoding 1754.4.
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Channel Coding and Decoding 177Tabl
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Channel Coding and Decoding 179a (k
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Channel Coding and Decoding 181n rk
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Channel Coding and Decoding 183Bit
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Channel Coding and Decoding 185Bit
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Signal Constellation, Mapping, De-M
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Signal Constellation, Mapping, De-M
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Adaptive Techniques in Multi-Carrie
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RF Issues 193hence reduce, for inst
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RF Issues 195s(t)r(t)e jf(t)White n
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RF Issues 197receivedsignalto detec
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RF Issues 1994.7.2.1 Effects of Non
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RF Issues 2011e−011e−02UplinkDo
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RF Issues 203of data pre-distortion
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RF Issues 205Table 4-8Minimum total
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RF Issues 207Detection strategyIn t
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RF Issues 209above formula becomes(
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References 211[21] Fazel K., “Nar
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References 213[66] Nobilet S., Hela
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5Applications5.1 IntroductionThe de
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Introduction 217high speed as well
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 219H
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Page 257 and 258: WiMAX 237Table 5-12 Downlink LTE sp
Page 259 and 260: WiMAX 239Wi-FiBusinessTSWiMAX BSTSM
Page 261 and 262: WiMAX 241Table 5-16Summary of the I
Page 263 and 264: WiMAX 243WiMAXInteroperabilityInter
Page 265 and 266: WiMAX 245UNIAirinterfaceSNITerminal
Page 267 and 268: WiMAX 247Radio ResourceControlIniti
Page 269 and 270: WiMAX 249Frame n−1 Frame n Frame
Page 271 and 272: WiMAX 251Read RF-Channel ListScan F
Page 273 and 274: WiMAX 253NormaloperationTS measures
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Page 281 and 282: ApplicationsWiMAX 261Table 5-23 Gen
Page 283 and 284: WiMAX 263Table 5-27(OFDMA)FEC codin
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Page 287 and 288: WiMAX 267Frame n−1 Frame n Frame
Page 289 and 290: WiMAX 269Table 5-29WirelessMAN-OFDM
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Page 295 and 296: WiMAX 275Table 5-41DL link budget e
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Page 317 and 318: References 297Table 5-58Parameters
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322 Additional Techniques for Capac
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340 Definitions, Abbreviations, and
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350 SymbolsG l,lGG [j]h(t)h(τ,t)H(
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Index3GPP 218Adaptive techniques 19
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Index 355Forward error correction (
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Index 357Multi-carrier modulation a
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Index 359Maximum likelihood paramet
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