Religion and Spirituality in Psychiatry
Religion and Spirituality in Psychiatry
Religion and Spirituality in Psychiatry
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344 Elizabeth S. Bowmanby a college with an accredited department ofpsychiatry. Information is not available on thecontent of the curricula of psychiatric postgraduatetra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Pakistan.3.2.20. Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia has <strong>in</strong>patient psychiatric treatmentavailable at Shahar Hospital <strong>in</strong> Taif, <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>Jeddah, Riadh, <strong>and</strong> other large cities. (63) As <strong>in</strong>much of the Midle East <strong>and</strong> Africa, Saudi mentalhealth treatment is <strong>in</strong>tegrated <strong>in</strong>to primaryhealth care. Specialty tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> psychiatry isavailable, as are national certification <strong>and</strong> certificationthrough the Arab Board of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>.Information on psychological tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g or <strong>in</strong>clusionof religion-spirituality <strong>in</strong> psychiatric tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>gwas not available to this author.3.2.21. SyriaThe Syrian Arab Republic has two twentiethcenturypsychiatric hospitals <strong>in</strong> Damascus <strong>and</strong>Aleppo. Psychiatric tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g is conducted bymedical schools. (63) No curricular <strong>in</strong>formationis available.3.2.22. United Arab Emirates (UAE)The UAE boasts a newly built psychiatric hospital<strong>in</strong> Abu Dhabi. Psychiatric tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g is offeredby the United Arab Emirates University Collegeof Medic<strong>in</strong>e <strong>and</strong> Health Sciences Departmentof <strong>Psychiatry</strong> <strong>and</strong> Behavioral Sciences, whichoversees an eight-week junior medical studentpsychiatry clerkship, a child psychiatry rotation,psychiatric CME, psychiatric tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g of primaryhealth care tra<strong>in</strong>ees, <strong>and</strong> a four-year postgraduatepsychiatry tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> hospitals accredited by theArab Board of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>. (68) <strong>Psychiatry</strong> tra<strong>in</strong>eescomplete two years of adult <strong>and</strong> child psychiatry<strong>in</strong> Al-A<strong>in</strong> before rotat<strong>in</strong>g for tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> subspecialtypsychiatry <strong>in</strong> the Psychiatric Hospital <strong>in</strong>Abu-Dhabi. Neither the four-year didactic curriculum<strong>in</strong> psychiatry nor references to religionspiritualitywere available to this author.3.2.23. Palest<strong>in</strong>ian TerritoriesIn 2001, Mohit (63) reported the Palest<strong>in</strong>ianAuthority was operat<strong>in</strong>g a M<strong>in</strong>istry of Health,with a community mental health center <strong>and</strong>small <strong>in</strong>patient unit <strong>in</strong> Gaza <strong>and</strong> a 320-bed<strong>in</strong>patient unit <strong>in</strong> the West Bank. At thattime, Palest<strong>in</strong>e had psychiatrists, psychologists,social workers, <strong>and</strong> tra<strong>in</strong>ed psychiatricnurses. The dire current conditions imposedon Palest<strong>in</strong>e by Israel <strong>in</strong> their political conflictrender it impossible to state whetherthese facilities are still operat<strong>in</strong>g or if psychiatricor medical education is available <strong>in</strong> thePalest<strong>in</strong>ian territory.3.2.24. IsraelFounded mostly by European Jewish refugees,Israel is aligned with Western medic<strong>in</strong>e. It is onesixthMuslim <strong>and</strong> conta<strong>in</strong>s a population of orthodoxJewish patients, for whom religious factorsmay require treatment modifications. (69) Mentalhealth tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Israel might be expected to<strong>in</strong>clude religion-spirituality.Israel has a system of mental hospitals, outpatientcl<strong>in</strong>ics, <strong>and</strong> community mental healthcenters operated by the government <strong>and</strong> privateorganizations. (70) With one psychiatricbed for every 1,000 people <strong>in</strong> the population,its services appear advanced compared to itsMiddle Eastern neighbors. Enosh (71) (Israel’sMental Health Association) provides a widearray of community-based support <strong>and</strong> advocacyservices.<strong>Psychiatry</strong> residency tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g is available froma number of universities. Child psychiatry is theonly psychiatry subspecialty recognized by theIsrael Medical Association, but other subspecialtytra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g is available. Tel Aviv University operatesa two-year postgraduate program <strong>in</strong> forensic psychiatry,(72) programs <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>fant psychiatry, child/adolescent psychiatry, <strong>and</strong> basic <strong>and</strong> advancedlevel three-year programs <strong>in</strong> psychotherapy forpsychiatry residents, psychiatrists, psychologists,<strong>and</strong> social workers. (73) The Departmentof <strong>Psychiatry</strong> of Hadassah Hebrew University <strong>in</strong>Jerusalem offers psychiatric tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g from its twomassive Hadassah University Medical Centerhospitals. (74)Little <strong>in</strong>formation is available about religionspiritualityteach<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Israeli mental health