Religion and Spirituality in Psychiatry

344 Elizabeth S. Bowmanby a college with an accredited department ofpsychiatry. Information is not available on thecontent of the curricula of psychiatric postgraduatetraining in Pakistan.3.2.20. Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia has inpatient psychiatric treatmentavailable at Shahar Hospital in Taif, and inJeddah, Riadh, and other large cities. (63) As inmuch of the Midle East and Africa, Saudi mentalhealth treatment is integrated into primaryhealth care. Specialty training in psychiatry isavailable, as are national certification and certificationthrough the Arab Board of Psychiatry.Information on psychological training or inclusionof religion-spirituality in psychiatric trainingwas not available to this author.3.2.21. SyriaThe Syrian Arab Republic has two twentiethcenturypsychiatric hospitals in Damascus andAleppo. Psychiatric training is conducted bymedical schools. (63) No curricular informationis available.3.2.22. United Arab Emirates (UAE)The UAE boasts a newly built psychiatric hospitalin Abu Dhabi. Psychiatric training is offeredby the United Arab Emirates University Collegeof Medicine and Health Sciences Departmentof Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, whichoversees an eight-week junior medical studentpsychiatry clerkship, a child psychiatry rotation,psychiatric CME, psychiatric training of primaryhealth care trainees, and a four-year postgraduatepsychiatry training in hospitals accredited by theArab Board of Psychiatry. (68) Psychiatry traineescomplete two years of adult and child psychiatryin Al-Ain before rotating for training in subspecialtypsychiatry in the Psychiatric Hospital inAbu-Dhabi. Neither the four-year didactic curriculumin psychiatry nor references to religionspiritualitywere available to this author.3.2.23. Palestinian TerritoriesIn 2001, Mohit (63) reported the PalestinianAuthority was operating a Ministry of Health,with a community mental health center andsmall inpatient unit in Gaza and a 320-bedinpatient unit in the West Bank. At thattime, Palestine had psychiatrists, psychologists,social workers, and trained psychiatricnurses. The dire current conditions imposedon Palestine by Israel in their political conflictrender it impossible to state whetherthese facilities are still operating or if psychiatricor medical education is available in thePalestinian territory.3.2.24. IsraelFounded mostly by European Jewish refugees,Israel is aligned with Western medicine. It is onesixthMuslim and contains a population of orthodoxJewish patients, for whom religious factorsmay require treatment modifications. (69) Mentalhealth training in Israel might be expected toinclude religion-spirituality.Israel has a system of mental hospitals, outpatientclinics, and community mental healthcenters operated by the government and privateorganizations. (70) With one psychiatricbed for every 1,000 people in the population,its services appear advanced compared to itsMiddle Eastern neighbors. Enosh (71) (Israel’sMental Health Association) provides a widearray of community-based support and advocacyservices.Psychiatry residency training is available froma number of universities. Child psychiatry is theonly psychiatry subspecialty recognized by theIsrael Medical Association, but other subspecialtytraining is available. Tel Aviv University operatesa two-year postgraduate program in forensic psychiatry,(72) programs in infant psychiatry, child/adolescent psychiatry, and basic and advancedlevel three-year programs in psychotherapy forpsychiatry residents, psychiatrists, psychologists,and social workers. (73) The Departmentof Psychiatry of Hadassah Hebrew University inJerusalem offers psychiatric training from its twomassive Hadassah University Medical Centerhospitals. (74)Little information is available about religionspiritualityteaching in Israeli mental health