Religion and Spirituality in Psychiatry

372 IndexIdeler, K. W., 81idem- vs. ipse-identity, 159identification process, 161–163imam, 220impulsivity, aggression, 51India, 217individuative-reflective faith, 111Inferno (Dante), 36Influence of Religion Upon the Healthand Physical Welfare of Mankind(Brigham), 15Institute of Psychiatry, Ain ShamesUniversity, 342Institute of Traditional Medicine, 341intercessory prayer ministry (IPM),205International Association of MuslimPsychologists, 342internet delusions, 82interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT),139–140interpersonal relationships, 160intrinsic religion, 1intuitive-projective faith, 111IPM. See intercessory prayer ministryIPT. See interpersonal psychotherapyIran, 342–343Iraq, 343Isl ambasics, 302–304branches of, 303Koran and, 302laws, flexibility of, 303physicians credit in, 310pillars of, 302prayer and, 308–309rules of, 303Shias, 303stereotypes, 301suicide and, 310Sunnis, 303women and, 304Islamic psychotherapy, 218 , 367afterlife and, 312anxiety, 311–313belief in afterlife and, 307common factors, initial assessment,304–307counter-transference, therapist’smisunderstandings, 304country of origin and, 306daily usual activities, reward and, 308death of beloved and, 308depression treatment and, 307–311diseases, disabilities and, 308extended family and, 315feelings vs. sin and, 309–310female Muslim client and, 304–305God’s wisdom, love and, 311good and evil in, 314good vs. bad deeds and, 309grave anxiety and, 312guilt feelings and, 309–310hopelessness, suicide and, 310interpersonal problems and, 313–315Jinns, 301 , 312–313knowledge of culture, religion and,306loneliness and, 311marriage duties and, 314–315mental illness and, 67mercy, beneficence of God and, 309negative, positive clues and, 306non-Muslim therapists, 303oppression, forgiveness and, 313–314polygamy and, 315poverty and, 307–308prayer and, 308–309probable losses belief and, 312probable punishment belief and, 312RCP, GAD and, 200reinforcement, 305–306reliance on God and, 312religious techniques use and, 307saints as examples in, 310–311sensitivity to others and, 313September 11 and, 301similarities, differences, 306sin and, 309thanks to God and, 311therapy effectiveness, 302therapy reactions, 306thoughts, punishment and, 309transference and, 305warm greetings and, 305women and, 304 , 315Israel, 344–345Israel Medical Association, 344James, William, 15 , 45 , 81 , 119Jinns, 301 , 312–313Jones, Jim, 34Jordon, 343Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 342Journal of the American MedicalAssociation, 203Jung, Carl, 160 , 226Kabat-Zinn study, 204–205Kenya, 341kindling phenomenon, bipolardisorders, 105Koran, 302language, 22–23lay-leader, 220Le Suicide (Durkheim), 107Lebanon, 343Lebanon Hosptial for Mental andNervous Disorders, 343Leechbook of Bald, 9liaison psychiatry. See consultationliaisonpsychiatrylife after death, 105life goals, 192 , 275Lindbeck, George, 22Living Free in Christ (Anderson), 296lost faith, 134madnessin ancient world, 7–9Bible and, 6–7cult of Asclepius and, 7–8English Puritans and, 9–12Enlightenment and, 12–13late nineteenth, twentieth centuryand, 15–17modern medical approach, 13–15naturalistic clinical approach, 9–12in New Testament, 7in Old Testament, 7religious traditions and, 6secular medical approach, 12–13Makerere University Faculty ofMedicine, 340Malawi, 342mania, diagnostic phase, 109–110marriage, 39–42 , 314–315McCullough, M. E., 103–104medical illnessacute, chronic pain, 191anxiety in medical settings, 199–201coping with, 191culture-bound syndrome, 202–203depressive disorders and, 193family, society roles, 192GAD and, 199–200increase in disability, 191–192life goals and, 192loss of energy and sleep, 191loss of health and vigor, 191making positive difference and, 192purpose, meaning in life and,192–193religion, depression and, 194–195social relationships and, 192somatoform disorders, 201–202suicidal thoughts, behavior, 195–199timely psychiatric care, 197–199work loss and, 192Medical Inquiries and ObservationsUpon the Diseases of the Mind(Rush), 13–14meditation, spiritual experience, 1995-HT1A, 53–54GABA and, 51GxE and, 58–60neurobiological basis, 50–52neuropsychiatry and, 51psychiatry and, 51–52memory healing, 295–296mental disorders, mental illness . Seealso specific disordersancient world, 7–9 , 269in developing countries, 271–272diverse representations of, 272–273goal in life, balance and, 275historical perspective on, 269Middle Ages, Europe, 9 , 26919th century, 269religious beliefs, views on life and, 275religious/spiritual coping, researchfindings, 248–252Renaissance period, 26917th, 18th centuries, 269social representations of disease and,269–271spiritual perspectives on, 244–247spiritual representation of treatmentand, 277