Religion and Spirituality in Psychiatry

374 IndexPhilo of Alexandria, 42phobia, 132–133Pinel, Philippe, 12–13PMDC. See Pakistan Medical andDental CouncilPodvol, Edward, 317 , 318polygamy, 315possession, possession states. Seedissociative disorderspost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),131pr ayeramount of, 207–208children, adolescents and, 104Christian, 295intercessory, 46Islamic, 308–309personal, 199physical, psychological parametersand, 51private vs. public, 101Prayer Fulfillment, 186preacher, 220Present State Examination (PSE), 84priest, 220primary identification, 161–162private self, 161Project MATCH, 121PSE. See Present State Examinationpsychiatric modelsbio-psycho-social-religious/spiritual, 2multidisciplinary/multilevelpsychiatric model, 160psychiatry training. See religion/spirituality trainingpsychology training. See religion/spirituality trainingpsychosis, 357–358affective states, mood disorders vs., 67causes, biological vs. psychosocial, 67Christian views of, 66–67community treatment programs, 69cost of care, 67–68defined, 66in developing countries, 77–78Eastern traditions, 67ethnic minority groups and, 78group therapy, clinical implications,76–77human suffering and, 67–68impact, 67–68individual treatment for, 69 , 75–76infectious causes, 66Islamic views of, 67multicultural perspective, 77–7819th century European and, 67paradigm for understanding, 68–69psychosis and religion, 65–66clinical correlates, 73–78harmful influence, 70–71ne gat ive effects, 73outcome, 71–72positive coping, 72–73psychiatry, history, 66–67religion as coping factor, 72–74religion as precipitant, 70SMG and, 77spirituality, integrative view, 75spirituality, treatment role, 69–70substance abuse and, 74–75suicidal behaviors and, 74treatment outcome, 71–72psychotherapy, psychiatric care . Seealso Christian psychotherapybio-psycho-social-religious/spiritualmodel, 2holistic, 2multidisciplinary/multilevel modelof, 2prayer and, 207–208psychiatric consultation reasons,190–191religion as deterrent to, 207–208religion as facilitator of, 208–210secular models, 283–284PTSD. See post-traumatic stressdisorderpurpose, meaning in life, 192–193Puthiyadom, Father Thomas, 217Quakers, 13Rabbi Hillel, 38Ray, Issac, 15RC. See Religious CrisisRCI. See Religious Coping IndexRCP. See religious cognitivepsychotherapy See Royal College ofPsychiatristsRCT. See religious cognitive-behavioraltherapyReligion and the Clinical Practice ofPsychology (Shafrankse), 339religion as coping factor, 99 , 194 , 244pain and, 203–205in psychosis, 72–74in psychosis, clinical correlates, 73–78in psychosis, negative effects, 73in psychosis, positive coping, 72–73RCI, 194substance abuse, 74–75suffering and, 203–205suicidal behaviors, 74symptom-related stress and, 245religion, religious belief . See also f ait hdefined, 1 , 84–85depression and, 98 , 100–103 ,194–195discontent and, 103as emotional disorder cause, 193–194as emotional disorder symptom, 193extrinsic vs. intrinsic, 1interference vs. mutual benefit,medical treatment, 277–279multilevel interdisciplinary paradigmof, 2multiple dimensions of, 2pain and, 203in psychosis, harmful influence,70–71as psychosis precipitant, 70religious activities as environmentalfactors, 60religious conversion, 2religious struggle, 103religion/spirituality trainingACGME guidelines, 335in Africa, 340–342American psychiatrists’ guidelines,334–335APA guidelines, 335audience for, 345in Australia, 340in Canada, 336–337for colleagues in training, 333content of, 346curricular content of, 346–348curricular integration, limitationsand resistance, 350data limitations, 336educational goals of, 346educational standards, 334–336in Egypt, 342in Iran, 342–343in Iraq, 343in Israel, 344–345John Templeton Foundation and,337–338in Jordon, 343in Kenya, 341in Lebanon, 343in Malawi, 342medical students and, 344for mental health field, 333in Middle East, 342in Morocco, 342in Pakistan, 343–344in Palestinian territory, 344for primary care physicians, 345psychologists’ education standards,335–336psychology training, USA andCanada, 338–339rationale for, 332–334RCP guidelines, 335RSPCS guidelines, 335in Saudi Arabia, 344in South Africa, 341students, trainees, 333–334in Syria, 344in Tanzania, 340–341teacher qualifications for, 349teaching formats, 348–349timing of, 348training content, 336in UAE, 344in Uganda, 340in USA, 337–339worldwide, 332Religiosity Index (RI), 179religious cognitive psychotherapy(RCP), 200religious cognitive-behavioral therapy(RCT), 245–246religious communities, 252Religious Coping Index (RCI), 194Religious Crisis (RC), 179religious delusions, hallucinations. Seedelusions and hallucinationsreligiousness