Sustainability Planning and Monitoring

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4.9 Visualization and self-scoring ...................................................................................... 41Scoring principles in the MPA ...................................................................................... 43The MPA fieldbook and data template ......................................................................... 444.10 Quality control ............................................................................................................45Experiences with the use of the MPA in general give rise to a number of cautionsand insights: ............................................................................................................... 47How managers can prevent problems and protect quality ............................................. 475. Organizing and Interpreting the Data .......................................... 495.1 Analysis of outcomes per tool ...................................................................................... 495.2 Analysis of relative performance ................................................................................... 50By factor ..................................................................................................................... 50Benchmarking for sustainability ................................................................................... 50By aggregation ........................................................................................................... 505.3 Strengths and weaknesses analysis .............................................................................. 535.4 Comparison with other communities ............................................................................ 545.5 Analyzing community level results with agencies ........................................................... 555.6 Analyzing agency factors influencing results on the ground: stakeholders’ meetings ...... 575.7 Policy analysis ............................................................................................................. 585.8 Statistical analysis ........................................................................................................ 596. Participatory Tools Used in the MPA .............................................. 626.1 Ensuring quality and validity ........................................................................................ 626.2 Welfare classification ................................................................................................... 646.3 Community map ......................................................................................................... 666.4 Transect walk with rating scales.................................................................................... 706.5 Pocket voting ............................................................................................................... 726.6 Ladders (1) ..................................................................................................................756.7 Card sorting ............................................................................................................... 776.8 Ladders (2) ..................................................................................................................796.9 Matrix voting ............................................................................................................... 816.10 Hundred seeds ............................................................................................................ 846.11 Stakeholders’ meeting ................................................................................................. 866.12 Policy level assessment ................................................................................................. 90Section 2: MPA APPLICATION CASE STUDIESDo Project Rules Promote Bruce Gross 95Sustainability and Equity?An ex post facto assessment in 40 communitiesserved by five past projects in Indonesia.From Theory to Practice Suzanne Reiff 104A study of rural water supply and sanitationstrategy implementation: PADEAR in Benin.Evaluating the effectiveness of gender- andpoverty-targeting in project strategies to improvefinal impact of ongoing and forthcoming projects.Adding Accountability for Nilanjana Mukherjee 111Gender and Social Inclusionand Nina ShatifanLearning from the process of institutionalizinggender- and poverty-sensitivity in large scaleCommunity-Driven Development (CDD) projectsin Indonesia.
Looking Back to See Forward Soutsakhone Chanthaphone 127Learning from communities about the use and and Santanu Lahirisustainability of RWSS services in Lao PDR.Sector experience assessment for scaling upthe application of national RWSS sector strategy.Effects of the MPA on Gender Christine van Wijk 138Relations in the CommunityCase study from Java, Indonesia, of an MPAexperience changing community views on genderroles and gender relations towards greater equity.Achieving Sustained Sanitation WSP-EAP 141for the PoorParticipatory policy research applications fromIndonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam - lessons from aset of three country reports and a regional synthesis.How Well Did Those Development Richard Hopkins 143Projects in Flores Work?Evaluating development effectivenes of past aidprojects and drawing policy lessons, Flores,Indonesia.Appendix AInstitutions that currently have MPA-trained facilitators .............................................................. 149Appendix BProcess designed for PLA policy assessment workshop (Indonesia, September 1999) .................. 151References ...................................................................................................................... 155List of FiguresFigure 1 Key aspects of sustainability of WSS Services .............................................................. 3Figure 2 The process of an increasingly specific focus ............................................................ 16Figure 3 Analytical framework of the MPA ............................................................................. 19Figure 4 Experiential learning cycle ....................................................................................... 26Figure 5 Flow diagram of MPA assessment at community level ............................................... 38Figure 6Example of maximum and actual aggregated community score foreffective financing in one community........................................................................ 53Figure 7 Strengths and weaknesses in sustaining domestic water supply in community “X” ...... 54Figure 8 Comparison of scores for four sustainability components across 40 communities ...... 55Figure 9 Results of policy assessment: example from country “X” ............................................ 59Figure 10 How effectively are water supply services sustained by the communities? ................... 97Figure 11 How effectively are water services managed? ............................................................ 97Figure 12 How effectively are water services financed? .............................................................. 98Figure 13 Who was involved in making decisions about the project? ....................................... 99Figure 14 Who has access to improved sanitation? ............................................................... 100Figure 15 Importance of benefits to poor and rich women and men ...................................... 103Figure 16 Who had voice and choice in WSS project implementation, as perceived bywomen and men in the community........................................................................ 106Figure 17 Gender equity in cost-sharing for water services ..................................................... 108
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Page 6 and 7: PrefaceThe mission of the Water and
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THE MPA IN ACTIONExperiences with t
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THE MPA IN ACTION5Organizing and In
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Box 22 Gender and poverty analysis
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Section 2MPAApplication Case Studie
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DO PROJECT RULES PROMOTE SUSTAINABI
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FROM THEORY TO PRACTICEDANIDA began
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FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE2. Key findi
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FROM THEORY TO PRACTICEReality of e
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FROM THEORY TO PRACTICEAdding Accou
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ADDING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR GENDER EQ
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Table 2WSLIC 2: ADDING POVERTY ACCO
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Table 3 (continued) ADDING PERFORMA
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDMembers
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDFigure 2
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDFigure 2
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARD●●
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDMPA core
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EFFECT OF THE MPA ON GENDER RELATIO
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EFFECT OF THE MPA ON GENDER RELATIO
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ACHIEVING SUSTAINED SANITATION FOR
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HOW WELL DID THOSE DEVELOPMENT PROJ
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HOW WELL DID THOSE DEVELOPMENT PROJ
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Appendix AInstitutions that current
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Appendix BProcess designed forPLA P
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StepNo.7.ProcessAsk “Were users e
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ReferencesBernard, Russel H. (1995)
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Wijk, Christine van. (1998). ‘Gen
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Water and Sanitation ProgramWater S
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Sustainability Planning and Monitoring

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