Sustainability Planning and Monitoring

ADDING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR GENDER EQUITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSIONWomen in particular appreciated the opportunityto vocalize their views, but were often interrupted.One of the tools was used solely with women, asis intended in the Musbangdes Perempuan orvillage women’s meeting. Women respondedactively, as long as there were no men around.However, it was often difficult to sustain gendersegregatedwomen’s group meetings for longbecause some community men felt a need toparticipate in the process, or at least be presenteven in women’s meetings and answer on theirbehalf. Unless specially sensitized to the need toensure the expression of women’s voices, villagefacilitators tend to accept this situation rather thandeal with it, as it is culturally acceptable for mento “take over” in this manner.3 Interventions made inWSLIC 2WSLIC 2 is a second-generation community-basedproject for improving water and sanitationinfrastructure for poor communities in Indonesia.It is a community-demand-driven project that offerschoices to communities about serviceimprovements and requires that they pay aminimum 20 percent of the construction cost forthe chosen type and level of services, part in cash(4 percent) and part in kind (16 percent).Operation and maintenance are to be fully userfinanced,with some project inputs for capacitybuilding.Information derived from the tools was gender-and poverty-sensitive, in the sense that the differentpriorities and viewpoints of men and women, thepoor and the non-poor, were made clear anddiscussed by all. The trainees reported that thetools allowed more community members to havea voice, as compared to the methods they hadpreviously used.One potential impact of the use of participatoryanalysis methods is a reduced need for forms tobe completed, as the outputs from the tools providethe supporting evidence and data for communityproposals (as indicated in Figure 18, the KDP 2Activity cycle). A review of the current recording/monitoring mechanisms is now being conductedto see which ones can be simplified, eliminatedand replaced with actual outputs fromparticipatory analysis and planning tools. Theongoing review is also aimed at institutionalizingthe monitoring of gender- and poverty-sensitivityof KDP 2 processes and outcomes.Gender and poverty mainstreaming were built intothe design of WSLIC 2 with a requirement for useof MPA as the main approach for communitymobilization and planning process for improvingservices and health, combined with PHAST. 43 Themajor challenges for this project thus far havebeen the development of MPA as a methodologyfor planning by combining it with PHAST, scalingup a process that has hitherto been used forrelatively small scale monitoring and evaluationexercise, and gaining “buy-in” at the provincial,district, and community levels. Since the projectwas launched in late 2001, the followinginterventions have been made.a) Project management●●Provision of a national level specialist adviserfor MPA and PHAST on the central projectmanagement team.Project design requiring participatorymonitoring and evaluation at village level to43 Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation: A participatory approach for the control of diarrhoealdisease, developed through a collaboration between WHO and the UNDP/World Bank Water and SanitationProgram in the mid 1990s.118