Sustainability Planning and Monitoring

Figure 18 KDP 2 activity cycle with proposed inserts for gender-poverty mainstreaming ........... 116Figure 19 Location Map of LAO PDR ..................................................................................... 127Figure 20 Annual RWSS cycle ................................................................................................ 128Figure 21 How effectively are water services sustained? .......................................................... 131Figure 22 Overall sustainability of water supply in thirty-eight villages .................................... 131Figure 23 Benefits of household latrines - as perceived by users’ groups in 37 communities ... 132Figure 24 System quality ....................................................................................................... 133Figure 25 Effective financing .................................................................................................. 133Figure 26 Effective management ............................................................................................ 133Figure 27 Correlations between project approaches and sustainability and use of serviceson the ground ...................................................................................................... 147List of BoxesBox 1 Cost comparisons for methods .................................................................................. 7Box 2 What comprises the MPA? ......................................................................................... 8Box 3 Uses of the MPA...................................................................................................... 10Box 4 Participatory, rapid... what’s the difference? ............................................................. 10Box 5 The MPA built on two existing methodologies........................................................... 12Box 6 Main findings from the use of the MPA in a global evaluation in 1998/99 ............... 12Box 7 Social equity analysis in the MPA ............................................................................. 13Box 8 Gender analysis in the MPA .................................................................................... 14Box 9 Some key questions answered by the MPA ............................................................... 21Box 10 MPA indicators for community water supplies ........................................................... 22Box 11 MPA Indicators for community-managed sanitation .................................................. 24Box 12 The assessment team .............................................................................................. 31Box 13Not everyone has the personal attitudes to work with participatory methodsand practice equity .................................................................................................. 30Box 14 The MPA is a process-oriented methodology ............................................................ 32Box 15 Key elements of MPA training .................................................................................. 33Box 16 Possible factors for consideration in decisions on type of sampling ........................... 35Box 17 Indicative sequence of work with a community ......................................................... 39Box 18 The advantages of self-scoring ................................................................................ 42Box 19Scoring scale or “ladder” for community level assessment of genderequity in service management ................................................................................. 42Box 20 Quality enhances validity......................................................................................... 46Box 21 Analysis leading to correction .................................................................................. 50Box 22 Gender and poverty analysis of activities profile ....................................................... 51Box 23 Two examples of MPA scales benchmarked for sustainability ..................................... 52Box 24 Policy analysis builds consensus for needed change ................................................. 92Box 25 What is associated with low or high sustainability? ................................................ 136Box 26 Project “rule” discouraging hygiene? ...................................................................... 145List of TablesTable 1 Social inclusion and empowerment tools introduced in KDP 2 ................................ 115Table 2 WSLIC 2: Poverty and gender mainstreaming in the community planningprocess through MPA and PHAST .......................................................................... 121Table 3 Performance monitoring and evaluation indicators for project developmentobjectives .............................................................................................................. 124